Ambuchanania leucobryoides
| Ambuchanania leucobryoides | ||||||||||||
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Ambuchanania leucobryoides |
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| Systematics | ||||||||||||
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| Scientific name of the order | ||||||||||||
| Ambuchananiales | ||||||||||||
| Seppelt & HACrum | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the family | ||||||||||||
| Ambuchananiceae | ||||||||||||
| Seppelt & HACrum | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the genus | ||||||||||||
| Ambuchanania | ||||||||||||
| Seppelt & HACrum | ||||||||||||
| Scientific name of the species | ||||||||||||
| Ambuchanania leucobryoides | ||||||||||||
| ( T.Yamag. , Seppelt & Z.Iwats. ) Seppelt & HACrum |
Ambuchanania leucobryoides ( Syn . : Sphagnum leucobryoides ) is a hardwood moss endemic to Tasmania . It is only known from a few localities and was only discovered in 1988. The whitish-green moss, similarin appearance to the peat moss ( Sphagnum ), grows mainly underground in wet sand. Only the heads appear on the soil surface. The species is the only one of the Ambuchananiaceae family in the order of the Ambuchananiales.
distribution and habitat
Ambuchanania leucobryoides grows exclusively in the southwest of Tasmania and is only known from two regions on Wallaby Bay near Port Davey and on the Jane River south of Lake St. Clair . At Wallaby Bay , the place where the holotype grows, the moss grows in flat, quartz-rich and almost vegetation-free sands washed up and deposited from neighboring slopes . The annual precipitation is over 2000 millimeters per year. The white sand is always wet and often also covered with a film of water flowing over the surface. The surrounding vegetation is formed from sedge beds with button grass ( Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus ) on peaty soils with low pH values between 3.5 and 5.5. On the Jane River, the moss grows in sedge beds on humus soil between low-growing sour grasses of the genus Oreobolus .
features
Ambuchanania leucobryoides is similar in habit to peat moss. The plants form sparsely branched, whitish-green stems up to 2 centimeters long, with only the heads sticking out of the ground; the main part of the plant grows underground. Unlike the peat moss, the trunks do not have a cylinder made of stabilizing tissue ( sclerenchymal cells ). In contrast to the species of the genus Sphagnum, the branches stand individually on the stem and are not bundled into so-called fascicles. The leaflets are noticeably large. The leaflets measure up to 4.3 millimeters in length, those of the short branches up to 8.6 millimeters. In places they are two-layered, those of the peat moss are single-layered, but like this one made up of different cell types: the hyalocytes, which are usually filled with water, and of living chloroplast- containing chlorocytes . The plants form rhizoids for anchoring . In the genus Sphagnum , this is only known from a single epiphytic peat moss species. The female reproductive organs are only formed on the heads protruding from the substrate , while the male reproductive organs sit below the female on the side of the trunk.
Systematics
The moss species was only discovered in 1988 and in 1990 as Sphagnum leucobryoides T.Yamag., Seppelt & Z.Iwats. described. In 1999 the new genus Ambuchanania Seppelt & HACrum was introduced for this species due to its clearly different morphological characteristics from those of the species of the genus Sphagnum . It is in its own family Ambuchananiaceae in its own order Ambuchananiales within the Sphagnopsida . Molecular biological analyzes based on 26S rDNA sequences confirmed in 2003 the genus Ambuchanania as a sister group of the genus Sphagnum (peat moss) in the class of Sphagnopsida.
Endangerment and Status
Ambuchanania leucobryoides is listed as endangered in the red list of globally endangered mosses due to its geographical restriction and the small number of around five sites (VU = Vulnerable). According to Tasmania's “The Threatened Species Protection Act 1995”, moss is classified as rare and protected accordingly. The main causes of danger lie in the intense burning of the surrounding sedges.
Web links
- Ambuchanania leucobryoides inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.1. Listed by: Bryophyte Specialist Group, 2000. Retrieved September 24, 2013.
- Fact sheet on Sphagnum leucobryoides , by Dr. T. Yamaguchi, 2002 PDF , accessed September 20, 2007
- Janice M. Glime: Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 1. Physiological Ecology. Ebook sponsored by Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists, 2007. Online PDF , accessed September 20, 2007
- Tasmanian Government: Department of Primary Industries, Parks, Water and Environment: Fact sheet on Ambuchanania leucobryoides ( Memento of September 28, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
Individual evidence
- ↑ A. Jonathan Shaw, Cymon J. Cox, Sandra B. Boles: Polarity of peatmoss (Sphagnum) evolution: who says bryophytes have no roots? In: American Journal of Botany. Vol. 90, No. 12, 2003, ISSN 0002-9122 , pp. 1777–1787, doi : 10.3732 / ajb.90.12.1777 .
- ^ A. Jonathan Shaw: Phylogeny of the Sphagnopsida based on nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. In: The Bryologist. Vol. 103, No. 2, 2000, ISSN 0007-2745 , pp. 277-306, JSTOR 3244158 .
- ↑ Ben Tan, Patricia Geissler (>), Tomas Hallingbäck, & Lars Söderström: The 2000 IUCN World Red List of Bryophytes. ( Memento from December 14, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ An Act to provide for the protection and management of threatened native flora and fauna and to enable and promote the conservation of native flora and fauna. THREATENED SPECIES PROTECTION ACT 1995 , Taxa of native flora and fauna which are rare THREATENED SPECIES PROTECTION ACT 1995 - SCHEDULE 5 - Taxa of native flora and fauna which are rare