Ammiana
Ammiana was a city in the northern Venetian lagoon , which existed from ancient times to the early Middle Ages . She fell victim to the rising water level of the lagoon, the silting up by the deposits of the river Sile and malaria . In the neighborhood was the also submerged city of Costanziaco . The neighboring Barena del Vigno is the only area of the Venice Lagoon that has been continuously inhabited from the Bronze Age to the very recent past. Possibly the westernmost settlement area of the city towards Altinum was located there .
In the Pactum Lotharii of 840 “Amianae” and “Buriani”, the latter inhabitants of the island of Burano , are mentioned. The islands of La Salina (formerly Motta di San Felice), Motta dei Cunicci and Santa Cristina belonged to Ammiana from the 5th to 9th centuries . After the Chronicon Gradense , the oldest church was that of the Willareni Mastalici family, San Lorenzo. Separated from the city by a canal was the more recent foundation of the Benedictine monastery of Saints Felix and Fortunatus ( Santi Felice e Fortunato ). The islands on which the city stretched were called Ammiana, Ammianella and Castrazio or Caltrazio.
Legend has it that it was founded by refugees from the Huns under the leadership of Attila , who was in Italy in 452. A second wave of refugees in the 9th century was the reason for the establishment of the aforementioned Benedictine monastery . The church and monastery of San Felice e Fortunato date back to 889, when the monks of the Benedictine monastery of San Stefano fled Altinum from the Hungarians who sacked Veneto . The monastery on La Salina became the burial place for several doges, including Orso II Particiaco in 932 . The Doge Pietro Badoer (939–942) is said to have been buried in the church of the monastery of San Felice di Ammiana.
The floods of 1966 destroyed many of the remains visible on the surface of the water. The Motta di San Lorenzo is the last remnant of the island of Caltrazio. It was not named after the church of San Lorenzo until much later.
Archaeological investigations in the 1980s uncovered traces of a Roman villa from the 3rd century, as well as a Byzantine fortification, which until then was only known from sources. The square complex consisted of two towers that were connected by a wall over sixty meters long. Emperor Constantine VII (913–959) called it kastron . However, the dating seems to be uncertain after excavations twenty years later revealed new evidence. Burial remains can be found from the 6th century.
Only the remains of the foundations of the monastery of San Lorenzo were found. The establishment of several monasteries around 1200 is believed to be an attempt to curb the depopulation of the northern lagoon. The Motta di San Lorenzo was probably also uninhabited before the monastery was built. Such attempts at resuscitation can also be found on other islands. In addition, the orders found enough space and prepared soil structures to ensure a life there. Gardens were certainly created and farm buildings were built next to the actual monastery. In 1439 the nuns left the monastery.
The Archivio storico del Patriarcato di Venezia (Historical Archive of the Patriarchate of Venice) is located in a wing on the 3rd floor of the former Benedictine monastery of Santi Felice e Fortunato di Ammiana behind St. Mark's Basilica and the Doge's Palace on the other side of the Rio di Palazzo.
literature
- Cecilia Moine: Rileggere un vecchio scavo nella laguna north di Venezia: San Lorenzo di Ammiana , in: Rivista di Archeologia XXXV (2011) 59–89. ( academia.edu )
- Ernesto Canal , Lidia Fersuoch, Sally Spector, Giovanni Zambon: Indagini archeologiche a S. Lorenzo di Ammiana (Venezia). In: Archeologia Veneta 12 (1989), pp. 71-96.
- Davide Busato, Mario Rosso, Paola Sfameni: Le conseguenze delle variazioni geografiche avvenute tra il XIII ed il XV secolo su talune comunità monastiche ubicate in alcune isole della laguna nord di Venezia , o. O., o. J. [2007?].
- Luigi Lanfranchi: S. Lorenzo di Ammiana , Alfieri, 1969.
Remarks
- ^ Ernesto Canal : Archeologia della laguna di Venezia , Venice 2015, p. 312 (section Sito 127 Barena del Vigno , pp. 312–323).
- ↑ Pactum Lotharii, MGH, Capitularia regum Francorum, ed. v. A. Boretius, Vol. 2, Hannover, 1883-1897, II, n. 223, February 23, 840 ( online ).
- ↑ Archeologia medievale 34 (2007) p. 195.
- ↑ A situation map can be found here ( memento of the original from September 23, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. .
