Santa Cristina (Venice Lagoon)
| Santa Cristina | ||
|---|---|---|
| Waters | Venice lagoon | |
| Geographical location | 45 ° 30 '28 " N , 12 ° 27' 21" E | |
|
||
| length | 880 m | |
| width | 420 m | |
| surface | 13.6 ha | |
| Residents | uninhabited | |
Santa Cristina is an island in the Venice lagoon , northeast of Torcello . Its name is derived from the saint whose remains were stolen from Constantinople in 1252 and the church dedicated to San Marco in 1325 found its final resting place (until 1432).
geography
Santa Cristina is 880 meters long and up to 420 meters wide, as well as 14 hectares (exactly 136,229 m²) and reaches a maximum height of two meters. It was uninhabited at the 2001 census.
The island belongs to the former district of Burano-Mazzorbo-Torcello of the Municipalità di Venezia-Murano-Burano .
history
Archaeological research unearthed Roman artifacts as well as early medieval ones . For example, a fountain with a diameter of 1.5 m in the Palude north of the island that was examined in 2002 could be dated to the time from 350 to 530 and 430 to 600, respectively, using two C14 dates. Fragments of Roman pottery were also found there. Another well of a similar time was found 20 m south. To the west of this, the excavators discovered a structure of 110 by 50 m, divided by an inner wall, so that two almost square, equally large areas were created. The outer wall, which runs from west to east, is 1.5 to 2 m high and consists of stone blocks measuring 1.4 by 0.5 m and 1.2 by 0.3 m. Another wall that probably formed part of the northern edge of the island is now under water. Similar remains of the wall were found in the southeast. The former can be covered over a length of more than 300 m. Finally, two such wall sections with a length of over 100 and 50 m were found south of the island. Amphorae from Hispania also date from the Roman era . There was also a collecting basin of an oil mill for olive oil and terra sigillata from northern Italy.
It is said that the monastery was founded by the Fraudana or Falier family in the middle of the 7th century and dedicated to St. Markus consecrated. The Benedictine nuns who have lived on the island since then stayed for the most part until 1340, when they retired to Murano , where they moved their relics of St. Take away Cristina. In 1205 the nuns built a monastery. When relic robbers stole the remains of the saints in Constantinople from the Church of John the Baptist ("Prodromo") in March 1252 , they were excommunicated by a bull of the Patriarch of Constantinople. Only then, as Giuseppe Cappelletti stated in his Storia ecclesiastica universale in 1860 , do we know about it. In addition, Cappeletti showed the relics of St. "Cristina di Tiro" from Phenicia to, not that of Bolseno - to this day the two saints are often equated, as in 1983 in the Penguin Dictionary of Saints . With the translation of the relics, the monastery, and soon the whole island, was given the name Santa Cristina.
In 1340 the abbess and the nuns moved to Torcello. But the council of the XL decided on May 13, 1340 that the abbess and all the women of the monastery had to return. In addition, the relics of the saints were to be returned there within eight days. This should be done solemnly in the company of the heads of the XL and the councils. The nuns stayed until 1452; the last, Filippa Condulmer, was only allowed to withdraw to Torcello after approval by the Serenissima . The relics of St. Cristina had already been brought to Sant'Antonio di Torcello by a decree of Pope Eugen IV on October 5, 1435. When this monastery had to be abandoned under Napoleon , it was translated to San Francesco della Vigna . In 1850 Giuseppe Cappelletti contradicted Marin Sanudo's view that the relics should have been on Torcello as early as 1232.
Even in the 16th century, the island was apparently not entirely uninhabited. Thus, in 1572 on the maps of Bartolomeo Fontello and 1573 of Cristoforo Sabbadino, three groups of houses appear under the names "Santa Cristina", "San Marco" and "Sant'Anzolo".
The island remained almost uninhabited for several centuries, and it was not until the second half of the 20th century that a private person from the Tyrolean industrialist family Swarovski was found to put a stop to the island's slow decline. René Deutsch and his wife Sandra, whose mother had married Gernot Langes-Swarovski, became the owners of the island .
Vegetable fields, gardens and, last but not least, the Valli da pesca were created through extensive containment and bank reinforcements . The latter represent areas in the water that are used for fish and mussel farming. The ammiana grape variety is also grown there, which is circulated in small quantities but not available on the market. Its name is reminiscent of the lagoon city of Ammiana, which sank in the late Middle Ages . Olives have also been cultivated since 2008 (first harvest in 2018) as well as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot grape varieties . Since 2017, Venusa , the island's wine, has been pressed by the Bisol family, winemakers and owners of the Venissa restaurant on Mazzorbo . In cooperation with the University of Ca'Foscari in Venice, fish farming, which had been inactive since the turn of the millennium, was resumed.
literature
- Ernesto Canal : Archeologia della laguna di Venezia , Venice 2015, pp. 363–366.
Remarks
- ↑ Venice islands: Santa Cristina , archive.org, May 15, 2008.
- ↑ Venice islands: All the islands of Venice by area ( Memento of March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ ISTAT
- ^ Ernesto Canal : Archeologia della laguna di Venezia , Venice 2015, p. 363.
- ^ Ernesto Canal: Archeologia della laguna di Venezia , Venice 2015, p. 364, Sito 145.3-4.
- ↑ Ermolao Paoletti: Il fiore di Venezia ossia, i quadri, i monumenti, le vedute ed i costumi veneziani , vol. 1, Tommaso Fontana, Venice 1837, p. 104.
- ^ According to Maurizia Vecchi: Chiese e monasteri medioevali scomparsi della laguna superiore di Venezía. Ricerche storico-archeologiche , Rome 1983, p. 31.
- ^ Giuseppe Cappelletti: Storia ecclesiastica universale , Milan and Verona 1860, p. 612 f.
- ↑ Donald Attwater: Penguin Dictionary of Saints , 1965, p. 84 f .: "The legend of the St. Christine venerated at Lake Bolsena in Latium is simply that of St Christine of Tire, imported from the East and adapted to local conditions Both legends are narratives of ordeals endured and of miraculous happenings, without historical value. There are remains of an early Christian cemetery at Bolsena, but the evidence for its being the burial place of a martyred Christine is not satisfactory "( digitized version ).
- ↑ Giuseppe Cappelletti: Storia ecclesiastica universale , Milan and Verona 1860 (Council decision on p. 613 f.).
- ^ Giuseppe Cappelletti: Storia della repubblica di Venezia dal suo principio sino al giorno d'oggi , Vol. 2, G. Antenelli, Venice 1850, pp. 251 f.
- ↑ Marco Fincardi: Vista sulle isole , in: Laboratoire Italie (2015) 11–23, here: p. 22.
- ↑ Alone in the Venice Lagoon , in: Finanz und Wirtschaft, February 6, 2018.