Anatoly Stepanovich Dyatlov

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Anatoly Stepanowitsch Djatlow ( Russian Анатолий Степанович Дятлов ; born March 3, 1931 in Atamanovo, Krasnoyarsk region , Soviet Union ; † December 13, 1995 ) was the deputy chief engineer of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and head of the Chernobyl test that led to the nuclear catastrophe .

Early life

Anatoly Stepanowitsch Djatlow was born in 1931 in Atamanowo, 50 km northeast of Krasnoyarsk . His father was a war invalid from the First World War who worked as a buoy guard on the Yenisei ; his mother was a housewife. At the age of 14, he ran away from home. First he went to Norilsk to the technical college for mining and metallurgy, electrical engineering, which he graduated with honors. In Norilsk he worked for a Minsredmasch company for three years before continuing his studies at MEPhI , the Moscow Institute for Technical Physics. In 1959 he graduated with a specialization in automation and electronics, after which he worked in a shipyard in Komsomolsk am Amur . At the shipyard, Djatlov was employed in Laboratory 23, where nuclear reactors were installed in submarines. Once there was an accident in which he was exposed to a large dose of radiation. There were indications that Dyatlov was responsible for the accident, but this could not be proven. Shortly afterwards, his son died of leukemia .

Work in Chernobyl

In 1973 Dyatlov moved to Prypiat , Ukraine , to start his new job at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. In the 13 years up to the reactor catastrophe, he rose from deputy head of a reactor hall to deputy chief engineer of the power plant. On April 26, 1986, a test of the emergency power supply was carried out in Block 4 of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant . The shift supervisor Akimov refused to carry out the test, which ultimately led to the Chernobyl disaster, due to the condition of the reactor, but was stopped by Dyatlov as a superior with the threat of dismissal. Dyatlov had been exposed to a radiation dose of 3.9  Sv during the accident and developed symptoms of severe radiation sickness. He remained in the hospital until early November 1986 and was arrested a month after he was released.

Question of guilt

He pleaded guilty to "criminally conducting a potentially explosive experiment" and was sentenced to ten years' imprisonment in July 1987, from which he was released early in 1990 because of his poor health. Djatlow wrote in his book and in an article in Nuclear Engineering International that it was not the power plant personnel but the design of the reactor that was responsible for the disaster. The November 1992 report of the International Nuclear Safety Advisory Group supports this view, but criticizes the lack of a safety culture in the Soviet nuclear industry.

After Djatlow went to Germany for medical treatment, among other places, he died of heart failure on December 13, 1995 at the age of 64.

Honors

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b A. S. Djatlow: Chernobyl. How it was . 1995 ( accidont.ru [PDF] Russian: Чернобыль. Как это было .).
  2. ↑ a b c d e Ksenia Zubachyova: Was Anatoly Djatlov really the main culprit in the Chernobyl disaster? In: Russia Beyond. TV-Novosti, June 17, 2019, accessed on August 6, 2019 (German).
  3. ↑ Will Mara: The Chernobyl Disaster: Legacy and Impact on the Future of Nuclear Energy. Marshall Cavendish, New York 2011, ISBN 978-0-7614-4984-3 , pp. 21-23.
  4. ↑ Interview from 1994
  5. ↑ Wolfgang Wiedlich: 30 years of Chernobyl: At 1:24 a.m. the experiment explodes. In: General-Anzeiger Bonn. Rheinische Post Mediengruppe, April 26, 2016, accessed on January 11, 2020 .
  6. ↑ Chernobyl: Condemnation of those responsible. In: tagesschau. ARD, December 17, 2010, accessed on January 11, 2020 .
  7. ↑ Anatoly Dyatlov: How it was: an operator's perspective. In: Nuclear Engineering International. Global Trade Media, November 1991, accessed January 10, 2020 .
  8. ↑ INSAG-7: The Chernobyl Accident: Updating of INSAG-1. In: Safety Report Series. IAEA , November 1992, p. 23 , accessed on January 11, 2020 : “The accident is now seen to have been the result of the concurrence of the following major factors: specific physical characteristics of the reactor; specific design features of the reactor control elements; and the fact that the reactor was brought to a state not specified by procedures or investigated by an independent safety body. Most importantly, the physical characteristics of the reactor made possible its unstable behavior. "
personal data
SURNAME Dyatlow, Anatoly Stepanovich
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Дятлов, Анатолий Степанович (Russian)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Soviet engineer, deputy chief engineer of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1931
PLACE OF BIRTH Atamanovo, Krasnoyarsk Territory
DATE OF DEATH December 13, 1995