Andrenidae

Andrenidae
Common sand bee ( Andrena flavipes )
Systematics
Order : Hymenoptera (Hymenoptera) Subordination : Waist Wasps (Apocrita) Superfamily : Apoidea Bees (Apiformes) Family : Andrenidae
Scientific name
Andrenidae
Latreille , 1802
Subfamilies
Alocandreninae Andreninae Oxaeinae Panurginae

The Andrenidae are a family of bees found worldwide except Australia. They live mostly solitary, some species live communally. They generally create their nests in the ground.

description

The Andrenidae are small to medium-sized species of bees. They are leg collectors. A common feature is two seams below each antenna on the face. This feature can usually not be seen in the field or on photos. All subfamilies except the Andreninae have a blunt tip of the marginal cell . In some of the Panurginae this blunt is very narrow. In all subfamilies except the Panurginae , pollen collecting hairs are already present from the hips. In the Panurginae these are reduced to the tibia.

Systematics

External system

Outwardly, they belong to the short-tongued bees. These are more closely related to the digger wasps Spheciformes than their sister group the long-tongued bees Apidae and Megachilidae .

Anthophila bees	long-tongued bees  Apidae     Megachilidae  short-tongued bees  Halictidae narrow and furrow bees ˜     Colletidae     Stenotritidae     Andrenidae     Melittidae (inc.Dasypodinae, Meganomiinae)

Internal system

The Andrenidae are divided into four subfamilies. The Alocandreninae native to Peru have only one type of Alocandrena porteri . The Oxaeinae , which occur in America from Argentina to the USA, are closely related to the Andreninae despite their relatively strange appearance . The Andre Ninae included with Andrena the largest genus of the family with more than 1,500 species, of which 126 occur in Germany. The genus thus provides most of the native representatives of the Andrenids. The remaining five genera of the Andreninae have only about 12 species. The Panurginae are widespread and are mainly known in Central Europe from the genus Panurgus . Especially in southern Europe come colored bees , sham cloth bees , Flavipanurgus , Clavipanurgus and Melitturga TYPES ago. Most of the species of Panurginae are in the American genus Perdita with over 700 species.

Andrenidae

Alocandreninae  Alocandrena Michener, 1986  Andreninae  Ancylandrena Cockerell, 1930     Andrena Fabricius, 1775     Euherbstia Friese, 1925     Megandrena Cockerell, 1927     Orphana Vachal, 1909     Cubiandrena Warncke, 1968  Oxaeinae  Mesoxaea Hurd & Linsley, 1976     Notoxaea Hurd & Linsley, 1976     Oxaea Klug, 1807     Protoxaea Cockerell & Porter, 1899  Panurginae   Calliopsini  Acamptopoeum Cockerell, 1905     Arhysosage Brèthes, 1922     Calliopsis Smith, 1853     Callonychium Brèthes, 1922     Litocalliopsis Roig-Alsina & Compagnucci, 2003     Spinoliella Ashmead, 1899  Melitturgini  Borgatomelissa Patiny, 2000     Flavomeliturgula Patiny, 1999     Gasparinahla Patiny, 2001     Melitturga Latreille, 1809     Meliturgula friezes, 1903     Mermiglossa Friese, 1912     Plesiopanurgus Cameron, 1907  Nolanomelissini  Nolanomelissa Rozen, 2003  Panurgini  Avpanurgus Warncke, 1972     Camptopoeum Spinola, 1843     Panurginus Nylander, 1848     Panurgus tank, 1806  Perditini  Macrotera Smith, 1853     Perdita Smith, 1853  Protandrenini  Anthemurgus Robertson, 1902     Anthrenoid Ducke, 1907     Chaeturginus Lucas de Oliveira & Moure, 1963     Liphanthus Reed, 1894     Neffapis Ruz, 1995     Parapsaenythia Friese, 1908     Protandrena Cockerell, 1896     Psaenythia Gerstaecker, 1868     Pseudopanurgus Cockerell, 1897     Rhophitulus Ducke, 1907  Protomeliturgini  Protomeliturga Ducke, 1912

• 

  Alocandrena porteri

• 

  Andrena cineraria

• 

  Oxaea flavescens

• 

  Calliopsis andreniformis

• 

  Melitturga pictipes

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  Nolanomelissa toroi

• 

  Panurgus banksianus

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  Perdita halictoides

• 

  Protandrena mexicanorum

• 

  Protomeliturga turnerae

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Scheuchl & Schwenninger: Checklist of Germany's Wild Bees. (2015, updated February 2017) [www.wildbienen-kataster.de/login/downloads/checkliste.pdf]
2. ↑ John D. Plant & Hannes F. Paulus : Evolution and Phylogeny of Bees. Review and Cladistic Analysis in Light of Morphological Evidence (Hymenoptera, Apoidea) . In: Zoologica . tape 101 , 2016, p. 1-364 .

swell

• Shannon Hedtke, Sébastien Patiny and Bryan N Danforth: The bee tree of life: a supermatrix approach to apoid phylogeny and biogeography (2013) [1]
• CD Michener: The Bees of the World. (2000) Johns Hopkins University Press