Ange-Jacques Gabriel
Ange-Jacques Gabriel or Jacques-Ange Gabriel (born October 23, 1698 in Paris ; ~ the following day in Saint-Eustache de Paris ; † January 4, 1782 ibid) was a French architect and first court architect from 1742 to 1775 ( Premier Architecte du Roi ) Louis XV. He is considered one of the most important representatives of French classicism .
Life
Gabriel came from an important family of architects. His great-grandfather Jacques created the old town hall of Rouen in the 16th century , his grandfather Jacques IV Gabriel (around 1630–1686) was the builder of the Choisy castle and built the Pont Royal bridge in Paris (1685–1689). His father Jacques V Gabriel (1667–1742), a relative and student of Jules Hardouin-Mansart and husband of Elisabeth Besnier, became the first court architect (1734 or 1735). He set up in Paris, the city of palaces Hôtel de Varengeville (1704) and Hotel de Peyrenc de Moras (1728, later Hôtel Biron ), created in Lyon City Hall, in Rennes , the Palais des Etats and the Place du Palais, before 1728 in Bordeaux with the construction of the Place Royale (now Place de la Bourse ) began.
Ange-Jacques Gabriel completed this square that his father had begun in Bordeaux. He worked at the Palace of Versailles , especially at the court opera, built the Petit Trianon in the Grand Parc de Versailles and the École Militaire in Paris. He also provided the plans for the Place de la Concorde in Paris and for the facades of the buildings that close this square to the north.
In 1775, the first court architect retired from his office for health reasons. Louis XVI granted him a pension. In 1780 he was so weakened by age that he could no longer write and his wife signed important documents in his name.
Ange-Jacques Gabriel died in Paris on January 4, 1782 at the age of 83.
Factory selection
- 1740–1777: Choisy Castle , Choisy , enlargement and reconstruction. Most of the palace complex was destroyed in the 19th century.
- 1751–1780: École Militaire , Paris
- 1751–1788: Compiègne Castle in Compiègne , succeeding his father
- 1755: Place Royale (now Place de la Bourse ), Bordeaux, in the footsteps of his father
- 1756–1772: Place Louis XV (today Place de la Concorde ), Paris. Ange-Jacques Gabriel provided the definitive plans; the competition was announced in 1748.
- 1760–1764: Petit Trianon , Versailles
- 1764–1770: Court Opera of the Palace of Versailles
- 1771–1775: Gabriel Pavilion of the Palace of Versailles
Awards
- 1728: Member of the Académie royale d'architecture (Royal Academy of Architecture) and later President of the Académie until his death in 1782.
progeny
He was married to Catherine Angélique Delamotte (* 1711), daughter of Jean Delamotte, first secretary to the Duke of Antin and Catherine Magnier, who bore him two sons:
- Ange-Antoine Gabriel (~ September 16, 1735 in the Notre-Dame church in Versailles ), later court architect
- Ange-Charles Gabriel (~ June 29, 1738 in the Church of Notre-Dame in Versailles), later naval officer as well as court and financial director of the Queen
literature
- Edmond de Fels (Comte de Fels): Ange-Jacques Gabriel, Premier Architecte du Roi. D'après des documents inedits. Second edition. Henri Laurens, Paris 1924.
- Yves Bottineau: L'art d'Ange-Jacques Gabriel à Fontainebleau (1735–1774) . Editions de Boccard, Paris 1962, (also: Paris, Univ., Diss., 1962).
- Christopher Tadgell: Ange-Jacques Gabriel (= Zwemmer Studies in Architecture 19). A. Zwemmer, London 1978, ISBN 0-302-02781-5 .
Web links
- Ange-Jacques Gabriel. In: arch INFORM .
- Archives Départementales des Yvelines , files relating to the “Maison du Roi” (O / 1/676), on the website of the Cercle Généalogique de Versailles et des Yvelines ( Memento of February 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive ) (French)
Footnotes
- ↑ Anges-Jacques Gabriel was also referred to as Jacques IV Ange Gabriel after the now outdated numbering.
- ↑ Jacques IV. Gabriel (around 1630–1686) was also referred to as Jacques III Jules Gabriel after the now outdated numbering.
- ↑ a b c files of the Maison du Roi
- ↑ Commissaire de la Marine
- ↑ Intendant de la Maison et general des finances de la Reine
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Gabriel, Ange-Jacques |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Gabriel, Jacques-Ange |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | French architect |
DATE OF BIRTH | October 23, 1698 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | Paris |
DATE OF DEATH | January 4, 1782 |
Place of death | Paris |