Anindilyakwa
The Anindilyakwa (also known as Wanindilyakwa ) are an Aboriginal tribe made up of 14 clans and live in the Groote Eylandt Archipelago in the Northern Territory , Australia .
history
Dreamtime story
The Anindilyakwa lived on Groote Eylandt long before the European settlement. The island is not only of great cultural and spiritual importance for them, but also for Aborigines on the mainland about 50 kilometers away.
They are traditional hunters and gatherers. In their dream time there are giant lizards, snakes and reptiles that live in water holes. The highest point on the island, the 219 meter high Central Hill, called Yandarrnga by the Aborigines, has a special meaning in their imaginations because it migrated there from the mainland and brought various plants and animals with it.
Their culture was influenced by the Macassar fishermen in the 18th and 19th centuries .
European history
The first Europeans settled in 1921 and built the Emerald River Mission , an Aboriginal mission station , eight miles south of Angurugu . In 1938, Umbakumba was a location for Qantas seaplanes and for sea cucumber fishing.
In 1943 the mission station founded by the Anglican Church of Australia near Umbakumba moved to Angurugu. This station existed until 1966. In the same year, the Royal Australian Air Force laid a runway for military aircraft that was used in the Pacific War .
In the 1950s, almost all Aborigines lived in the Angurugu Aboriginal settlement.
In 1948, Groote Eylandt was one of the three campsites of the American-Australian Scientific Expedition to Arnhem Land in Arnhem Land, which documented the way of life and culture of the Aborigines on the island.
Economy
The Aborigines live and live mainly in two settlements, in Angurugu and Umbakumba on Groote Eylandt. Another settlement on this island is Alyangula and Milyakburra on Bickerton Island .
The economic conditions are mainly determined by the manganese ore deposits on the island. It is one of the largest deposits on earth and has been mined by the Groote Eylandt Mining Company since 1964 . The company is owned by Anglo American and BHP Billiton . Numerous Aborigines are employed in this mining company. The Anindilyakwa Land Council receives for the exploitation of natural resources in their territory by the Groote Eylandt Mining Compagny compensation (Engl. Royality payments ).
The Anindilyakwa Land Council represents the political interests of the Aborigines there and was created in accordance with the Aboriginal Land Rights (Northern Territory) Act 1976 .
There are also initiatives to revitalize tourism, such as Groote Eylandt and Bickerton Island built the Dugong Beach Resort and are developing tourism offers based on their culture.
The archipelago has been an indigenous protected area since 2006 .
The traditional owners of the land have negotiated with the Australian government that they can dispose of their land property - comparable to city rights - and decide on building design, home ownership and economic development.
The Anindilyakwa Arts and Cultural Center on Groote Eylandt, built by the Anindilyakwa Land Council , has existed since 2005 .
The airport on the island is served by the airlines Airnorth , Alliance Airlines and Vincent Aviation .
Language and kinship
The 14 clans of the Anindilyakwa speak their own indigenous language and English. Some Aborigines also speak Yolngu Matha .
The entire tribe is divided into two moieties (from French moitié : half; English: moiety ). This classification is important for marriage rules and rituals.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b eastarnhem.nt.gov.au : Umbakumba , in English, accessed on January 24, 2012
- ↑ a b eastarnhem.nt.gov.au : Angurugu , in English, accessed January 24, 2013
- ↑ anindilyakwaart.com.au ( Memento of the original from April 8, 2013 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. : Anindilyakwa Arts and Cultural Center , in English, accessed January 24, 2013
