Hyperprolactinemia
As hyperprolactinemia an increase is prolactin designated in the blood.
The most important pathological causes are:
- a benign tumor of the anterior pituitary called a prolactinoma
- a functional disinhibition due to decreased dopamine levels in the pituitary gland, e.g. B. by neuroleptics , dopamine antagonists, metoclopramide, changes in the hypothalamus or disruption of the pituitary stalk
- a functional stimulation of prolactin in the anterior pituitary, for example in a Thyreotropinom , a thyroid-stimulating hormone -producing tumor.
- primary hypothyroidism with an increase in thyroliberin , which in the anterior pituitary gland stimulates not only the production of thyrotropin but also that of prolactin
- as a result of renal insufficiency
The most important physiological causes are:
In the morning measurement, an increased prolactin level can be explained by the circadian rhythm .
Hyperprolactinemia is associated with a variety of effects. Among other things, it reduces the libido in men and women and is associated with low testosterone levels in men .
history
Synonyms from the time before prolactin measurements that still appear occasionally are:
- Ahumada-DelCastillo syndrome or Argonz-Ahumada-Castillo syndrome (combination of galactorrhea and amenorrhea)
- Chiari-Frommel syndrome (pronounced postpartum galactorrhea and amenorrhea)
- Forbes-Albright syndrome (galactorrhea and amenorrhea in a pituitary tumor ), so-called galactorrhea-amenorrhea syndrome .
Individual evidence
- ^ LG Sobrinho: The psychogenic effects of prolactin. In: Acta Endocrinol (Copenh). 1993 Jul; 129 Suppl 1, pp. 38-40. PMID 8372607 .
- ↑ Who named it