Sit

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Statue of Manolo Martínez Hugué

The sitting is one of the basic attitudes of man. In this posture , the upper body is straightened and most of the body weight rests on the buttocks or the bent thighs . Sitting on a chair or a corresponding seat that allows a variable position of the lower legs and a leaning of the upper body is a very comfortable posture, since the muscles and joints that serve to maintain the body are relieved and the body weight is relatively large contact surface is distributed. Babies learn to sit around five to nine months of age.

etymology

That is common. strong verb mhd. sit , ahd. sizzen belongs to the idg. root sed- .

Social relevance

President Abraham Lincoln towers over visitors at the Lincoln Memorial

In social etiquette, the right to sit is often treated as a privilege because of its comfort :

  • In many situations it is polite to only sit down when asked and offer a seat to a guest or a higher social figure.
  • Taking a seat in a restaurant is connected with the obligation to place an order.
  • At events for which seat tickets are issued, seats are more expensive than standing room.

Sitting is of particular importance in the symbolism of rule and service: the ruler sits while the servant is obliged to stand. The throne of a ruler is designed as a seat, usually increases, so that the ruler dominates the subordinates in a sitting position. "Sitting" also linguistically expresses a position of power:

  • The practice of justice is also called “sitting in court”.
  • The leader and decision maker in an organization or at a meeting (or meeting ) is the chair .
  • The location of the company management is also called the company headquarters .
  • A minister has a seat in the cabinet and a member of parliament has a seat in parliament.
  • Taking a seat in a church building .

Health effects

In 2012, adults in Germany sat a median of 299 minutes, an average of 317 minutes per day. It is about 300 minutes for men and 240 minutes for women. Other studies come to 7.5 hours of sitting per day.

Sitting in static postures for long periods of time can lead to health problems. The background to this is the immobility of the body muscles and the associated slowdown in metabolism in various tissues throughout the body. Little light whole-body exercise is directly linked to obesity , diabetes , metabolic syndrome , increased risk of cardiovascular disease , cancer and mortality regardless of moderate to heavy physical exertion.

Normally developed human hip joints only allow the thighbones to tilt forward by approx. 60 degrees. The angle between the back and the thigh bone is about 120 degrees. In a chair with a backrest, in which the seated person sits with an apparently right angle in the hip joint, this angle can only be achieved by tilting the pelvis back about 30 degrees. The backrest forces the spine into an upright position, straightening the natural lumbar lordosis and kyphosis . This puts an unbalanced load on the intervertebral discs . According to studies, the angle in the hip joint when sitting should not be less than 135 degrees so as not to damage the intervertebral discs. Today's standardization of office chairs requires an angle of 90 degrees in the hip of the person sitting. However, there are no studies or research results on the positive health effects of such a sitting posture.

There are also office chairs that deviate from the standard for office chairs (EN 1335 parts 1–3) which, according to the manufacturers and some physiotherapists , orthopedists and other doctors, are healthier. The saddle chair , exercise ball and kneeling chair are just some examples of supposedly healthier office chairs. The benefits have been demonstrated in some studies and not in others. However, there is a lack of comparative studies on today's most widespread sitting posture. Active and so-called balanced sitting is highly recommended these days. This prevents pain in the lower back and seat sickness.

Parents have been cautioned not to keep their infant in a sitting position who is unable to sit up on their own. However, there is no scientific evidence that such an early start-up could be harmful.

Studies suggest that there is a link between poorer brain matter, especially the regions around the hippocampus responsible for learning and remembering, and excessive sitting.

Sitting in a figurative sense

The Thinker , sculpture by Auguste Rodin

In a figurative sense, sitting means having a given position and adapting perfectly to it. A piece of clothing or a workpiece that “fits” has the ideal fit. “Sitting” can also be an effective hit that has achieved its goal in a physical or verbal exchange of blows.

Often with “sitting” one also expresses the persistence in a position that can no longer be left, in other words the case of excessive, often involuntary adjustment. Including the coat of sticking , such as a vehicle or a screw, the incarcerated in prison , the sitting and in the school and the sitting out a problem.

grammar

The perfect form of the verb sit is sat and in German it is formed with both sein and have .

In southern Germany, Austria and Switzerland they say “I sat” , while in northern Germany “I sat” is more common. In the Customize both forms are found.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The dictionary of origin (=  Der Duden in twelve volumes . Volume 7 ). Reprint of the 2nd edition. Dudenverlag, Mannheim 1997 ( p. 678 ). See also DWDS ( "sit" ) and Friedrich Kluge : Etymological dictionary of the German language . 7th edition. Trübner, Strasbourg 1910 ( p. 428 ).
  2. ↑ Birgit Wallmann-Sperlich et al., Sitting time in Germany: an analysis of socio-demographic and environmental correlates , March 6, 2013, BMC Public Health, 13: 196. On-line
  3. ↑ Deutsches Ärzteblatt 2015; 112 (5): A-153 / B-137 / C-133 DKV Health Report 2015: Staying seated
  4. ↑ Study: Too little exercise and too much sitting: Inactivity physiology and the need for new recommendations on sedentary, Marc T. Hamilton, Genevieve N. Healy, David W. Dunstan, Theodore W. Zderic and Neville Owen, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center, University of Missouri, 1600 East Rollins Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
  5. ↑ British Journal of Sports Medicine, February 4, 2010, "Are we facing a new paradigm of inactivity physiology?", Professor Elin Ekblom-Bak University of Gymnastics and Sport Stockholm (Gymnastik- och idrottshögskolan, GIH) / Karoliinisches Institut Århus
  6. ^ British Journal of Sports Medicine, "Too much sitting: a novel and important predictor of chronic disease risk?" Neville Owen, Cancer Prevention Research Center, School of Population Health, University of Queensland
  7. ↑ Study: Alterations of Lumbosacral Curvature and Intervertebral Disc Morphology in Normal Subjects in Variable Sitting Positions Using Whole-body Positional MRI, W. Bashir MBChB, T. Torio MD, F. Smith MD, K. Takahashi MD, M. Pope ( Memento of the original from March 8, 2010 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / rsna2006.rsna.org
  8. ^ Hannes Schoberth: Sitting posture, seat damage, seating furniture. Springer, 1962.
  9. ↑ EN 1335 parts 1–3
  10. ^ AC Mandal: Balanced sitting posture on forward sloping seat.
  11. ^ AC Mandal: The Seated Man: Homo Sedens. Dafnia Publications, ISBN 87-982017-1-9 .
  12. ↑ Bernd Reinhardt: Without back pain into old age. Knaur, 2007, ISBN 978-3-426-64546-8 .
  13. ↑ Barbara Kandler-Schmitt: Back: Active sitting can help.  ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. In: Apotheken-Umschau. February 4, 2009.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.apotheken-umschau.de  
  14. ↑ Marian Schäfer : When is a baby allowed to sit? June 23, 2016, accessed May 7, 2018 .
  15. ↑ Brain Research. Sitting makes you stupid. In: Spiegel Online . September 19, 2014, accessed March 10, 2019 .
  16. ↑ Jasmin Pospiech: New study shocks with results. Sitting too long is supposed to make you stupid. In: Münchner Merkur . April 26, 2018, accessed July 22, 2019 .

Web links

Commons : Sitting  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files
Wiktionary: sit  - explanations of meanings, word origins, synonyms, translations