Armée de la Moselle

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The Armée de la Moselle ( German  Moselle Army ) was an association of the French Revolutionary era , which was set up to protect the country from danger from abroad.

Development of the Armée de la Moselle

Positioning and development

The Armée du Center, formed on December 14, 1791 on the orders of King Louis XVI. was renamed on October 1, 1792 by order of the National Convention in "Armée de la Moselle". The army was reinforced by the decrees of March 1 and April 30, 1793.

By a decree of the National Convention of June 29, 1794 (11 messidor on II) the left wing had to be given up. He formed, together with the Armée des Ardennes and the right wing of the Armée du Nord, the new Armée de Sambre-et-Meuse . The "Armée de la Moselle" now consisted only of the remaining right wing. It was under the command of Général Jean René Moreaux .

By decree of November 29, 1794 (9 frimaire to III), the current right wing of the army was given up to form (together with the left wing of the Armée du Rhin ) the "Armée devant Mayence" (army in front of Mainz).

By decree of the National Convention of March 3, 1795 (13 ventôse an III), the "Armée de la Moselle" was merged with the "Armée du Rhin" on April 20, 1795 to form the Armée de Rhin-et-Moselle .

Operations of the Armée de la Moselle

First coalition war

Commanders

François-Christophe Kellermann , 1792 commander in chief of the "Armée de la Moselle"
  • From September 2 to October 1, 1792: General François-Christophe Kellermann , subordinate to General Charles François Dumouriez on September 19 .
  • From October 1 to November 7, 1792: Général François Christophe Kellermann, commandant of the new Armée de la Moselle , reports to Général Dumouriez until October 5. From October 6th to 24th, the right wing of the "Armée des Ardennes" was subordinate to him.
  • from November 8th to 14th, (interim): Général Jean Étienne Philibert de Prez de Crassier
  • from November 15, 1792 to January 23, 1793: Général Pierre Riel de Beurnonville , subordinate to Général Adam-Philippe de Custine
  • from January 24th to March 28th 1793, (interim): Général René Charles Élisabeth de Ligniville , reporting to Général Adam Philippe Custine
  • from March 29th to April 28th 1793, (interim): Général Augustin Gabriel d'Aboville , subordinate to Général Custine from April 9th
  • from April 29 to August 2, 1793: Général Jean Nicolas Houchard , subordinate to Général Custine until May 17, then Supreme Commander of the "Armée du Rhin"
  • from August 3 to September 26, 1793, (provisional): Général Alexis Balthazar Henri Schauenburg
  • From September 26th to October 2nd, 1793: Général Jean René Moreaux (relinquished command for health reasons)
  • from October 2 to October 30, 1793, (provisional): Général Jacques Charles René Delaunay
  • from October 31, 1793 to March 18, 1794: Général Lazare Hoche at the same time until January 13, 1794 commander-in-chief of the “Armée du Rhin”. He reorganized the "Armée de la Moselle" by better caring for their needs, stimulating the officers, encouraging the generals and soon presenting the enemy with a huge army that forced him to evacuate Alsace.
  • from March 19 to June 2, 1794: Général Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
  • from June 3 to July 1, 1794: Général Jean René Moreaux , subordinate to Général Jourdan, who commanded the "Armée de la Moselle", the "Armée des Ardennes" and the "Armée du Nord"
  • July 2, 1794 to February 9, 1795: Général Moreaux
  • from February 10 to April 19, 1795 (interim): Général Jean-Jacques Ambert in command of Luxembourg

Listed on December 1, 1792

  • 46 infantry battalions with 28,951 men
  • 42 escadrons cavalry with 6,228 riders
  • and 729 artillerymen

What is remarkable here is the high number of voluntary associations that were unserved and therefore untrained. The regiments of the formerly royal army have therefore been divided up and a battalion has been hired as a corset among the volunteers.

Général en chef (Commander in Chief): Pierre Riel de Beurnonville

Chef d'état major (Chief of Staff): Alexis Balthazar Henri Schauenburg

Vanguard - Général Georges Félix de Wimpffen
Brigade d'Estourmel
Infantry Legere de la Moselle (1 battalion) Légion de la Moselle (1 battalion)
3 e régiment de hussards (3 escadrons) 10 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval (3 escadrons)
Cavalerie legion de la Legion de la Moselle (3 escadrons) 4 e régiment de dragons (3 escadrons)
11 e regiment de cavalerie (3 escadrons)

19 e régiment de cavalerie (3 escadrons)

Compagnie franche d'Humbert, Guillaume, Fischer et Maurice (1 company)
Brigade La Barollière
1st and 2nd Grenadier Battalion (2 battalions) 62 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
96 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion) 1 He battalion of volontaires de la Vienne (1 battalion)
1 He battalion of volontaires de la Meuse (1 battalion)

1 He battalion of volontaires de l'Indre (1 battalion)

1 He battalion of volontaires du Lot (1 battalion)
1st line - Général de Ligniville
Brigade De Muratel
1 He battalion of volontaires de Saone-et-Loire (1 battalion) 22 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
4 e régiment de cavalerie (2 escadrons) 14 e régiment de dragons (2 escadrons)
Lynch Brigade
3rd, 4th & 5th Grenadier Battalion (3 battalions) 1 e regiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
17 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion) 24 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
1 He battalion of volontaires de la Haute-Marne (1 battalion) 3 e battalion des volontaires de la Manche (2 battalions)
4 e battalion des volontaires de la Manche (2 battalions)
Freytag Brigade
Bataillon de Popincourt (1 battalion) 1 he bataillon of Sections Armées (1 battalion)
9 e battalion des volontaires de la Meurthe (1 battalion) 4 e battalion des volontaires de la Seine-Inférieure (1 battalion)
13 e battalion des Fédérés Nationaux (1 battalion) 5 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
44 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion) 58 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
90 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
Lagrange Brigade
54 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion) 4 e battalion des volontaires de la Moselle (1 battalion)
17 e régiment de dragons (2 escadrons) 10 e regiment de cavalerie (2 escadrons)
2nd line - Général d'Aboville
Delaage Brigade
53 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)

55 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)

89 e regiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)

2nd e battalion des volontaires de la Haute-Marne (1 battalion)

3 e battalion des volontaires de la Moselle (1 battalion) 6 e battalion des volontaires de la Meurthe (2 battalions)
8 e battalion des volontaires de la Meurthe (2 battalions)
Brigade de Prilly
30 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)

74 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)

102 e régiment d'infanterie de ligne (1 battalion)
  • Bataillon des Fédérés des 83 départements (1 battalion)

3 e battalion de la République (1 battalion)

4 e battalion des volontaires de la Haute-Saône (1 battalion) 4 e bataillon des volontaires de la Meurthe (1 battalion)
Reserve cavalry - Général de Pully
1 he régiment de carabiniers (3 squadrons) 2 e régiment de carabiniers (3 escadrons)
8 e régiment de cavalerie (2 escadrons) 1 er regiment de dragons (2 escadrons)
1 he régiment de chasseurs à cheval (3 squadrons) 9 e régiment de chasseurs à cheval (3 escadrons)
Artillery Park (1 company) Parts of the 5 e division de la Gendarmerie national

Web links

literature

  • Chef d'escadron d'état-major Charles Clerget, Tableaux des armées françaises pendant les guerres de la Révolution , sous la direction de la section historique de l'état-major de l'armée, librairie militaire R. Chapelot, Paris, 1905 .
  • Paul Gayant "Tableau des guerres de la Révolution"
  • Digby Smith "The Napoleonic Wars Data Book" Greenhill London 1998 ISBN 1-85367-276-9

Footnotes

  1. ↑ so the French reading
  2. ↑ the volunteer associations operated under a wide variety of names
  3. ↑ Different units were so strong in terms of personnel that they had to be split up