Arm stuff
The Armzeug also Armberge, lat. Manuelea or Manica double. Brassards, engl. Brassard or Armlet, Italian Bracciale, Spanish Braceral, Armadure del Braccio, is a component of European plate armor . The arm guards from antiquity are not included in the armor.
development
The arm kit consists of several parts. These are:
- Shoulder protection: armpits
- Upper arm protection: upper arm tubes
- Elbow protection: elbow tiles
- Forearm protection: forearm tubes
- Hand protection: Gauntlets
These individual parts are combined to form the upper arm tool and the lower arm tool.
The first forerunners of arm tools can be found as early as the 13th century . Around 1275 the first armpit shields ( ailettes ) appeared in France and England . Since these were not very resistant due to their fastening (lacing) and often slipped, they were not in use for long.
In order to better protect the shoulder and armpit area, round plates ( floating discs ) were attached to the hood with leather straps . At the end of the 13th century, these panes were covered with loosely falling scales and, a little later, with rails (Spaldenier), which represent the forerunners of the piling . From these experiments originated in the 15th century the armpits with its front and rear wings. The upper and lower arm tubes, which at first consisted only of rails or plates and were fastened to the arms and chain mail with straps (around the 14th century ), were now connected to one another by Milanese armourers . It was first fastened with a leather strap (until around 1490 ), later the individual components were riveted to one another in a moveable manner . This development resulted in the famous “Milanese armor”. Donning the armor has been simplified. Previously, the individual parts were put on and tied in a complicated and lengthy process, now they were put on like a jacket sleeve and the forearm tool, which was provided with a hinge and opened, was closed with a latch. The armpits were tied to the armor.
The crooks of the arm were protected by so-called thrusters . Also in the 16th century began to greatly enlarge and strengthen components of the armament for tournament armor , for which so-called double pieces (French: Pièces de renfort) were used. The armpits were immensely strengthened by screwing on a second armpit, so that, in addition to the shoulder, they also covered the left half of the face or the left side of the helmet and part of the left chest. The elbow tiles, mostly on the left arm, were greatly enlarged and a second tile was also screwed on, which was known as the double or prickly mouse. Existing tiles, which were made very small, were enlarged by adding a widening to the upper edge. Some of these mice reached over the upper half of the upper arm. Usually these extreme reinforcements were only made on harnesses that were intended for the so-called “Welsche Gestech”.
literature
- Leonid Tarassuk, Claude Blair (Eds.): The complete encyclopedia of arms & weapons. The most comprehensive reference work ever published on arms and armor. Bonanza Books, New York NY 1986, ISBN 978-0-517-48776-1 .
- Auguste Demmin : An Illustrated History of Arms and Armor from the earliest Period to the present time. Translated by CC Black. G. Bell & Sons, London 1901, p. 433 (Reprinted. Wildhern Press, Teddington 2008, ISBN 978-1-84830-049-1 ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ Demmin: An Illustrated History of Arms and Armor. P. 600.
- ↑ Wendelin Boeheim : Handbook of Armament. The weapon system in its historical development from the beginning of the Middle Ages to the end of the 18th century (= Seemanns Kunstgewerbliche Handbücher. Vol. 7, ZDB -ID 53757-3 ). Seemann, Leipzig 1890, pp. 76-77 (reprint. Fourier Verlag, Wiesbaden 1985, ISBN 3-201-00257-7 ).