Arthrobacter
| Arthrobacter | ||||||||||||
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Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Arthrobacter | ||||||||||||
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Conn & Dimmick 1947 emend. Koch et al. 1995 |
Arthrobacter is a genus of aerobic bacteria with a high GC content .
features
Arthrobacter is a genus of aerobic bacteria living in the soil with a high GC content , which shows a pronounced resistance to dehydration and lack of food.
Arthrobacter is aerobic , so it needs oxygen . The metabolism is based on breathing with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor.
The species have the ability to break down phenols , herbicides, and other organic compounds (such as nicotine or caffeine) and therefore play an essential role in soil detoxification.
They are gram-positive and have a complex life cycle in which they develop from a cocci shape into rods .
Systematics
The genus Arthrobacter in the family Micrococcaceae belongs to the order Micrococcales in the class Actinobacteria. The Actinobacteria systematics (see there) has changed in recent years, so that Arthrobacter no longer belongs to the Actinomycetales order (as of 2018).
About 40 species are assigned to the genus Arthrobacter (status 2018), Arthrobacter globiformis is the type species .
Some examples:
- Arthrobacter agilis ( Ali-Cohen 1889) Koch et al. 1995, comb. nov.
- Arthrobacter alkaliphilus Ding et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter bussei Flegler et al. 2020, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter castelli Heyrman et al. 2009, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter citreus Sacks 1954
- Arthrobacter flavus Reddy et al. 2000, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter globiformis ( Conn 1928) Conn & Dimmick 1947
- Arthrobacter halodurans Chen et al. 2012, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter oryzae Kageyama et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter pigmenti Heyrman et al. 2005, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter ramosus Jensen 1960
- Arthrobacter stackebrandtii Tvrzová et al. 2005, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter subterraneus Chang et al. 2008, sp. nov.
- Arthrobacter woluwensis Funke et al. 1997, sp. nov.
In 2016, the genus Arthrobacter was reviewed for chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic traits. As a result, more than 30 species were transferred to other, newly described genera, which were designated as Glutamicibacter , Paeniglutamicibacter , Pseudoglutamicibacter , Paenarthrobacter and Pseudarthrobacter . Even before that, individual species had already recognized that they did not have enough common characteristics with the representatives of the Arthrobacter genus and were therefore assigned to a different genus. The genera are Corynebacterium , Haematomicrobium , Microbacterium , Pimelobacter , Rhizobium , Rubrobacter , Sinomonas , Terrabacter and Tetrasphaera .
Examples of bacterial species that used to the genus Arthrobacter have been counted are (the arrow points to the current name): Arthrobacter albus → Pseudoglutamicibacter albus , Arthrobacter antarcticus → Paeniglutamicibacter antarcticus , Arthrobacter atrocyaneus → Sino Pseudomonas atrocyanea , Arthrobacter aurescens → Paenarthrobacter aurescens , Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus → Pseudarthrobacter chlorophenolicus , Arthrobacter duodecadis → Tetrasphaera duodecadis , Arthrobacter nicotianae → Glutamicibacter nicotianae , Arthrobacter nico tino vorans → Paenarthrobacter nico tino vorans , Arthrobacter radiotolerans → Rubrobacter radiotolerans , Arthrobacter sanguinis → Haematomicrobium sanguinis , Arthrobacter simplex → Pimelobacter simplex , Arthrobacter terre gens → Microbacterium terre gens , Arthrobacter tumescens → Terrabacter tumescens , Arthrobacter variabilis → Corynebacterium variabile , Arthrobacter viscosus → Rhizobium viscosum .
swell
literature
- Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (eds.): The Prokaryotes , 3rd edition, Vol. 3: Archaea. Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes . Springer Verlag, New York 2006, ISBN 978-0-387-25493-7 (print), ISBN 978-0-387-30743-5 (online)
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Arthrobacter. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, Systematics of Bacteria (LPSN) . Retrieved April 7, 2018 .
- ↑ a b Hans-Jürgen Busse: Review of the taxonomy of the genus Arthrobacter, emendation of the genus Arthrobacter sensu lato, proposal to reclassify selected species of the genus Arthrobacter in the novel genera Glutamicibacter gen. Nov., Paeniglutamicibacter gen. Nov., Pseudoglutamicibacter gen. Nov., Paenarthrobacter gen. Nov. and Pseudarthrobacter gen. nov., and emended description of Arthrobacter roseus. In: International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. Volume 66, January 2016, pp. 9-37, ISSN 1466-5026 . doi : 10.1099 / ijsem.0.000702 .
- ^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Phylum "Actinobacteria". In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature, ( LPSN ). Retrieved April 7, 2018 .