as-Suyūtī
Jalāl ad-Dīn as-Suyūtī (also Sheikh Dschelaleddin Sojuti , Arabic جلال الدين السيوطي, DMG Ǧalāl ad-Dīn as-Suyūṭī ; * 1445; † 1505), full name: Jalāl ad-Dīn Abū 'Faḍl ʿAbd ar-Rahmān ibn Kamāl ad-Dīn Abū Bakr ibn Muhammad al-Chudairī as-Suyūtī asch-Shāfiʿī al-Ashʿarī, also known as Ibn al-kutub (literally: 'Son of Books', translated as 'the author of many writings'), was a mudschtahid and, according to his teachings , was considered to be the innovator of the 15th century. He was a scholar of hadith , jurist ( Fiqh scholar), Tafsīr scholar, Mutakallim ( kalam scholar) and historian. He is the author of works on practically every field of Islamic studies .
He followed the Shafiite school of law and also the Asharite school of theology, to whose Mutakallimūn (followers of the Kalam ) he also belonged.
Education
As-Suyūṭī recited the Quran by heart at the age of eight and was considered a Hafiz . He then studied works on Islamic law, the fundamentals of law and Arabic linguistics. He devoted himself to the study of Islamic sciences with more than 150 scholars, among them the leading scholars of the Shafiite and Hanafi law schools of his time. On the recommendation of Imam Kamaluddin ibn al-Humam , he became the chief hadeeth teacher at the Shaikhuniya school in Cairo for some time .
Suyuti's withdrawal from public life and work as a scholar
Ibn Iyas states in his Tarikh Misr ( The History of Egypt ) that Suyūṭī, when he had reached the age of 40, from then on avoided the community and withdrew to the gardens of the Nilometer ( miqyās ) on the side of the Nile. Ibn Ilyas continues:
“He avoided his former colleagues as if he had never known them. In his seclusion there, he wrote most of his nearly 600 books and treatises. Wealthy believers and princes visited him and offered him money and gifts, but he refused. He even turned down the repeated invitation of the Ottoman Sultan to come to him. He once said to an envoy of the Sultan: 'Never come back to us with a gift, for the truth is that Allah has put an end to all these needs [for gifts] in us.' "
As-Suyūṭī is one of the most important representatives of the genre asbāb al-nuzūl ("Occasions of Revelation") and contributed two great works. The first, Lubāb al-nuqūl fī asbāb al-nuzūl, relates heavily to the Kitāb asbāb nuzūl al-Qurʾā n by al-Wāḥidī, a Shafiite scholar and founder of the genre of the Occasions of Revelation. Passages deviating from al-Wāḥidī marked Suyūtī with an Arabic "k". The work includes revelation occasions for 102 suras . The most popular version of this work can be found at the end of his exegetical work Tafsīr al-Ǧalālayn . Another work is Qaṭf al-thamar fī muwāfaqa Sayyidinā ʿUmar .
The Sufi historian ʿAbd al-Wahhāb ibn Ahmad asch-Schaʿrānī counts Suyūṭī in his little class register ( aṭ-Ṭabaqāt aṣ-ṣuġrā ) among his teachers, although he had only arrived in Cairo when Suyūtī died when he was fourteen years old .
Most famous works
- al-Itqan fī'Ulum al-Qur'an , Encyclopedia of the Quran sciences , which in 80 chapters the various disciplines that deal with the Koran presents deal. (English translation in excerpts ( online ) by Muneer Fareed )
- Tafsīr al-Jalālain (started by Jalāl ad-Dīn al-Mahalli )
- Alfīya al-Hadīṯ
- Al-Jāmiʿ al-Kabīr
- Al-Jāmiʿ aṣ-Ṣaghīr
- Durr al-Manṯūr
- Tadrīb al-Rāwī
- Taʾrīch al-Chulafāʾ (History of the Caliphs)
As-Suyūṭī wrote over 500 works in the course of his life, 283 of which he himself listed in his writing Husn al-Muhađarah .
Web links
- Literature by and about As-Suyūtī in the catalog of the German National Library
- Title information for some of his printed works
literature
- Ibn Fahd: Dhail Tadhkira al-Huffadh. Pp. 6-10.
- as-Suyuti: Tarikh al-Khulafa. Introduction, pp. 5-10.
- Nuh Keller: Reliance of the Traveler. Sunna Books, Evanston 1994, ISBN 0-9638342-2-3 , p. 1100.
- Summary by GF Haddad : AL-SUYUTI By Dr. GF Haddad
Individual evidence
- ^ Rippin, Andrew: The exegetical genre asbāb al-nuzūl: a bibliographical and terminological survey, in: Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 48/1985, pp. 9-10
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | as-Suyūtī |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Sujuti; Abdurrahman ibn Abi Bakr ibn Muhammad ibn Sabiquddin, Jalaluddin al-Misri al-Sujuti al-Shafi`i al-Ash`ari; Ibn al Kutb |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Islamic theologian, philosopher, lawyer, scholastic and historian |
| DATE OF BIRTH | 1445 |
| DATE OF DEATH | 1505 |