Asplenium dielmannii
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Asplenium dielmannii ( Syn . : Diellia mannii ) is a rare fern species from the striped fern family(Aspleniaceae), whichis endemic to the Hawaiian island of Kaua'i . It was considered extinct between 1900 and 2002. The type epithet honors the American botanist Horace Mann junior (1844–1868), whohad collected the type specimensbetween 1864 and 1865 together with William Tufts Brigham .
Systematics
In 1868 Daniel Cady Eaton described the species Microlepia mannii . In 1912 Winifred Josephine Robinson set up the new combination Diellia mannii . In 1991 Ronald Louis Leo Viane and Tadeus Reichstein published a study in which they demonstrated that Diellia is embedded in the genus Asplenium . Both genera were synonymous and Diellia mannii was given the replacement name Asplenium dielmannii to avoid a homonym , since the name Asplenium mannii was given by William Jackson Hooker for an African epiphyte species as early as 1866 .
features
Asplenium dielmannii is a medium-sized fern plant with short creeping to lying rhizomes . The upright fronds are 10 to 75 cm long and 5 to 20 cm wide. The stems and rachis are glossy purple black and scaly at the base. The leaf blade is two to five pinnate, herbaceous, lanceolate, finely divided and has the same coloration as the leaf stalks. The lanceolate, up to 20 cm long leaflets consist of 15 to 35 pairs. The 0.2 to 2 mm wide end segments are usually narrow, linear or linear-lanceolate. The leaf veins are free, there is usually one in each segment. The sori are marginal, usually less than 1 mm long and opening outwards on broader segment tips. The Indusia are thin.
Occurrence and habitat
The type specimens were collected in ravines in Mesian forests (neither dry nor moisture-loving) at altitudes of 500 to 1000 m in the Halemanu Mountains (Kòke'e State Park) of Kaua'i.
status
Anne Sinclair Knudsen, who together with her husband Valdemar Knudsen collected 24 specimens of this species between 1871 and 1886 , reported in 1914 that Diellia mannii had not been sighted since 1900. As a result, this species was thought to be extinct until the environmental engineer Laura Arnold rediscovered a single specimen in the Halemanu Mountains in April 2002 during forest maintenance work. In the period that followed, more specimens were discovered, so that today around 90 specimens are known to be in the wild. Asplenium dielmannii is listed in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in the critically endangered category. At NatureServe it has been listed under the name Diellia mannii in the category "critically imperilled" (G1) since 2003 .
literature
- Ruth Aguraiuja, Kenneth R. Wood: Diellia mannii (DC Eaton) Robins. (Aspleniaceae) rediscovered in Hawaii. American Fern Journal, The American Fern Society 93 (3), 2003, pp. 154-156
- Daniel D. Palmer: Hawai'i's Ferns and Fern Allies. University of Hawai'i Press, Honolulu, 2003, ISBN 978-0-82483-347-3
- Harald Schneider, Tom A. Ranker, Stephen J. Russell, Raymond Cranfill, Jennifer MO Geiger, Ruth Aguraiuja, Ken R. Wood, Michael Grundmann, Keelie Kloberdanz, Johannes C. Vogel: Origin of the endemic fern genus Diellia coincides with the renewal of Hawaiian terrestrial life in the Miocene Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, Vol. 272, Issue 1561, 1995, pp. 455-460
- David H. Lorence, Kenneth R. Wood, Ruth Aguraiuja: Taxonomic Reassessment and Conservation Status of Three Kaua'i Species of Asplenium in the Diellia Alliance American Fern Journal, The American Fern Society 103 (3), 2013, pp. 166-174
- Seana Walsh, Maggie Sporck-Koehler, Marian Chau: Hawai'i Botanists Complete IUCN Red List Assessments for 90 Endemic Species (and Counting!) , Plant Science Bulletin, Vol. 62 (1), Botanical Society of America, Spring 2016, p 4-6
Web links
- Entry at Natureserve .
- Asplenium dielmannii inthe IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.2. Posted by: W. Kishida, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2019.
Individual evidence
- ^ Daniel C. Eaton: Microlepta Mannii In: Horace Mann: Five Hundred and Seventy-First Meeting. September 11, 1866. Monthly Meeting; Enumeration of Hawaian Plants , Proceedings of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, Volume 7, 1868, pp. 135-235
- ↑ Winifred J. Robinson: A taxonomic study of the Pteridophyta of the Hawaiian Islands - II. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 39, No. 12, December 1912, p. 582
- ↑ Ronald Louis Leo Viane, Tadeus Reichstein: Notes about Asplenium II: Some new names and combinations in Asplenium L. (Aspleniaceae, Pteridophyta). Biological Jaarboek Dodonaea 59, 1991, pp. 157-165
- ↑ Neil Snow, Tom A. Ranker, David H. Lorence: Taxonomic changes in Hawaiian ferns and lycophytes In: Neal L. Evenhuis, Lucius G. Eldredge (Eds.): Records of the Hawaii Biological Survey for 2009-2010. Bishop Museum Occasional Papers 110, 2011, pp. 11-16
- ↑ a b Ruth Aguraiuja, Kenneth R. Wood: Diellia mannii (DC Eaton) Robins. (Aspleniaceae) rediscovered in Hawaii. American Fern Journal, The American Fern Society 93 (3), 2003, pp. 154-156
- ^ WH Wagner, FS Wagner, T. Flynn: Taxonomic notes on the pteridophytes of Hawaii. Contrib. Univ. Me. Herb. 20, 1995, pp. 241-260
- ^ WH Wagner, DD Palmer, RW Hobdy: Taxonomy notes on the pteridophytes of Hawaii: II. Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 22, 1999, pp. 135-187
- ↑ Asplenium dielmannii in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2018.2. Posted by: W. Kishida, 2015. Retrieved January 11, 2019.