Astakos
Astakos ( Greek Ἀστακός "lobster town") was an ancient city in the Asian Minor region of Bithynia at the eastern end of the Gulf of Astakos named after it, today's Gulf of İzmit . The exact location is not known.
According to Strabo , Astakos was a colony of Athens and Megara . Memnon of Herakleia writes that the city was founded by colonists from Megara at the beginning of the 17th Olympiad (712/11 BC). Astakos became a member of the Delisch-Attic Sea League . With the settlement of Athenian colonists, the independence ended in 435/34 BC. Chr.
Around the year 405 BC BC Astakos came under Bithynian rule through Doidalses . Nicomedes I settled the inhabitants of Astakos, which had been at least partially destroyed in the war of his predecessor Zipoites against the Diadoch Lysimachus , 264 BC. Around in the newly founded capital Nicomedia , today's İzmit.
There is no ancient evidence for equating the cities of Astakos and Olbia . The claim is based on indirect arguments ( pseudo-Skylax names Olbia, but not Astakos; Strabo, on the other hand, names Astakos, but not Olbia) and mythology (according to Stephen of Byzantium , Astakos was the founding of a son of the same name of Poseidon and Olbia ).
According to the Dionysiacs of the Nonnos of Panopolis, the first battle between the army of Dionysus and the Indians took place in the Gulf of Astak . Dionysus was victorious by turning the waters of the Gulf into wine and thus making his opponents drunk. The story of the tragic love of the mountain shepherd Hymnos for the huntress Nikaia , also told by Nonnos, is set in the mountain forests of the area .
literature
- Walther Ruge : Astakos 2 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 2, Stuttgart 1896, Sp. 1774 f.
- Friedrich Karl Dörner : Astakos. In: The Little Pauly (KlP). Volume 1, Stuttgart 1964, column 658.
- George Long: Astacus . In: William Smith : Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography. London 1854.
- Karl Strobel : Astakos [1]. In: The New Pauly (DNP). Volume 2, Metzler, Stuttgart 1997, ISBN 3-476-01472-X .
Remarks
- ↑ Strabo, Geographia 12,4,2 (§ 563).
- ↑ Memnon, quoted in Photios Biblioteca 224. See also Felix Jacoby , The Fragments of the Greek Historians 434 F 12.
- ↑ Periplus of the Pseudo-Skylax §92f.
- ^ Nonnos, Dionysiaka 15 and 16.