Astronomical Geodesy

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As astronomical geodesy that part of the higher geodesy is called, which deals with the measurement of the earth figure with the help of astronomical objects and derives geodetic reference systems , coordinates and details of the gravitational field from it.

Above all, the methods of geodetic astronomy as well as some of satellite geodesy and cosmic geodesy are used and matched as closely as possible with mathematical-physical earth models .

Specific tasks are the storage and orientation of geodetic triangular networks with the help of astronomical location determination (measurement of plumb line and azimuths ) as well as the astronomical-geodetic network adjustment . The latter is the exact calculation of a larger surveying network , taking into account the vertical deviation on its measuring points, and the introduction of large-scale controls in the national survey (see Laplace azimuth and stellar triangulation ).

If the regional parameters of the earth's ellipsoid are also determined in an astro-geodetic network, then a best-connected ellipsoid (reference ellipsoid) of an entire region or a continent can be derived. Such an ellipsoid adapts itself ideally to the working area, while a middle earth ellipsoid represents the best possible adaptation to the entire mathematical figure of the earth  - the geoid  .

Other important tasks of astronomical geodesy are

The term astronomical geodesy - together with physical geodesy  - also gives its name to numerous university institutes in Central Europe . The name combination of these two subject areas is understood as a counterpart to applied geodesy or the technical tasks of surveying or cadastral practice.

literature

  • Karl Ledersteger : Astronomical and Physical Geodesy (Earth Measurement) , JEK Volume V, J. B. Metzler-Verlag, Stuttgart 1968, especially pp. 250-257 and pp. 645-655
  • Karl Ramsayer : Geodetic Astronomy , Volume IIa of the manual of surveying JEK , J. B. Metzler-Verlag, Stuttgart 1969
  • Kurt Bretterbauer , Harald Schuh : Higher Geodesy . Script for the lecture of the same name, Vienna University of Technology 1998 and 2003
  • Albert Schödlbauer: Geodetic Astronomy Basics and Concepts. de Gruyter, Berlin 2000, ISBN 3-11-015148-0

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. Ramsayer, chap. 6, pp. 107-140 and Appendix II, pp. 832 ff.