Perching pustule
| Perching pustule | ||||||||||||
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Perching pustular fungus ( Dialonectria episphaeria ) on the reddish coal berry ( Hypoxylon fragiforme ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Dialonectria episphaeria | ||||||||||||
| ( Death ) Cooke |
The seated Pustelpilz ( Dialonectria episphaeria syn. Nectria episphaeria , cosmospora episphaeria , Fusarium episphaeria ( anamorph )) is a mushroom art from the family of Pustelpilzverwandten (Nectriaceae).
features
Teleomorphs
The perithecia are approximately spherical and have a slightly protruding mouth ( ostiolum ) at the apex . They are about 0.2 to 0.3 mm wide and bright red in color. The perithecia often appear in small or large groups. In dry weather, they fall in from above or from the side.
The asci are cylindrical to narrowly club-shaped and measure about 65–105 × 8–9 µm. The Asco spores are elliptical and initially hyaline , pale brown in color when ripe. They are simply septate and 7–10 × 3–4 µm in size. Their surface is smooth, slightly rough when ripe.
Anamorphic
The microconidia are elliptical to club-shaped, hyaline and unseptate. The macroconidia are sub-cylindrical, moderately curved and slightly tapered at the ends. They are hyaline, three to five times septate and mostly thin-walled.
Species delimitation
The perched pustular fungus is well characterized by its growth on tubular fungi (Ascomycota), especially when found on corner disc relatives (Diatrypaceae). Another related species growing on Pyrenomycetes is Stylonectria purtonii on various species of the genus Valsa . Their ascospores remain smooth and the perithecia do not collapse. Nectria magnusiana grows on members of the genus Diatrypella ; S. wegeliniana occurs on Melanconis and Hapalocystis .
Macroconia leptosphaeriae colonizes the pointed spherical mushroom ( Leptosphaeria acuta ). Tubeufia cerea can also occur on corner discs ( Diatrype ) and has a similar habit . It is more yellowish in color and has a clearly separated disc at the apex of the perithecia. Their spores are long spindle-shaped.
Ecology and phenology
The perched Pustelpilz grows on other ascomycota mushrooms on hardwood. The host often belongs to the family of the corner disc relatives (Diatrypaceae), whereby the flat corner disc ( Diatrype stigma ) is mostly colonized. In addition, representatives of the Melanconidaceae family and the wooden club relatives (Xylariaceae) are also attacked. Species of the genera Anthostoma , Diatrypella , Eutypa , Hypoxylon , Melanconis and Melogramma were observed as substrates.
The perithecia appear mainly in the spring from March to May.
Taxonomy
Dialonectria episphaeria was described by Heinrich Julius Tode in 1791 as Sphaeria episphaeria . In 1849 Elias Magnus Fries placed them in the genus Nectria . Rossman & Samuels separated the species into the genus Cosmospora in 1999 . Since 2011 the species has been counted again in the genus Dialonectria . This was already introduced in 1884 by Mordecai Cubitt Cooke with Dialonectria episphaeria (referred to as Dialonectria sanguinea ) as a type species . However, this view initially did not prevail.
The identity of the anamorphic pustular fungus has not been conclusively clarified. Often Fusarium aquaeductuum var. Medium or Fusarium dimerum was viewed as a secondary crop. In the meantime, Fusarium episphaeria is regarded as an anamorphic of the pustular fungus . F. aquaeductuum var. Medium is placed next to Dialonectria ullevolea .
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literature
- Ewald Gerhardt: FSVO manual mushrooms . 4th edition. BLV, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8354-0053-3 .
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c Martin Beazor Ellis, Janett Pamela Ellis: Microfungi on Land Plants. At ID Handbook . 2nd revised edition. Richmond Publishing 1997, ISBN 978-085546-246-8 . P. 35.
- ↑ a b c T. Graefenhan, H.-J. Schroers, HI Nirenberg, KA Seifert: An overview of the taxonomy, phylogeny and typification of nectriaceous fungi in Cosmospora , Acremonium , Fusarium , Stilbella , and Volutella . In: Amy Rossman, Keith Seifert: Phylogenetic revision of taxonomic concepts in the Hypocreales and other Ascomycota. A tribute to Gary J. Samuels. Studies in Mycology 68, 2011, p. 97. ( PDF; 1.03 MB )
