Heinrich Julius death

Heinrich Julius Tode , also Henrich Julius Tode (born May 31, 1733 in Zollenspieker , † December 30, 1797 in Schwerin ) was a German theologian , educator , poet , mycologist , architect and draftsman . Its official botanical author's abbreviation is " Tode ".

Life

School time and studies

Heinrich Julius Tode was born in Zollenspieker , a hamburg village in the Vierlanden on the Elbe. His father was Johann Dieterich Tode, Elbe and country customs administrator, his mother Agnese Marie, daughter of the Lauenburg preacher Christian Schlöpken. His siblings are known by name:

• Johann Clemens Tode (1736–1806), German-Danish physician and university professor in Copenhagen.

Even as a child he was gifted and made botanical explorations in the Vierlanden. After his father's death in 1744, his mother moved to Hamburg and was supported by the “widow's pension institution”. However, the expenses for the nine children were so great that Tode had to work as a tutor as a teenager. After he had already visited the Johanneum in Hamburg , he apparently dropped out of school in the meantime because he was aiming for an artistic career as a painter . The mother's objection led to the school going back to school.

1755 followed by training at the Academic Gymnasium Hamburg. Here Tode was a student a. a. by Hermann Samuel Reimarus , Michael Richey and Heinrich Gottlieb Schellhaffer . His progress was so remarkable that his teachers gave him a scholarship.

In addition, Tode increasingly earned a good name in the upper class of Hamburg with his educational qualities, so that he could look to the future with relatively little financial worries.

From 1757 to 1761 he studied theology in Göttingen . At the end of his studies he was able to publish his first work with his “ Elegies ”.

Pastor and architect

In 1761 he took a position as private tutor for the merchant and wax light manufacturer Joachim Rudolph Bentschneider in Pritzier ( Mecklenburg-Schwerin ). The educational work with Bentschneider's three children was so successful that the parish elected him to be their pastor on December 13, 1761 that same year . The inauguration came to a standstill, however, because his predecessor, who had resigned for health reasons, preferred to install his own son as his successor, intervened violently against Death's election and was only brought to rest three years later by a word of power from the Duke. An offer from the St. Katharinenkirche in Hamburg to appoint him there as a deacon turned out to be dead, because he had worked with Pritzier through his intensive mycological studies and the fact that on September 21, 1764 he met his former student Helene Dorothea Bentschneider ( * March 6, 1744 in Prizier; † when his widow married May 29, 1817 in Schwerin), felt too connected. His formal inauguration in Pritzier could therefore only take place on August 19, 1764.

During the engagement period, the patron saint Maximilian von Schütz granted him asylum in the Warlitzer manor house in order to be safe from defamation. Maximilian von Schütz knew of death's mathematical and artistic qualities and during this time entrusted him with the task of building and designing the furnishings for the new St. Trinity Church in Warlitz as an architect and artist . From 1765 to 1768 Tode directed the construction of the church. This building has been preserved almost completely in its original form to this day and is the only surviving testimony to death's abilities in mathematics, drawing, plastic designs and theologically well-founded symbolism. In this context, Tode was able to establish contact with artists such as the composer Johann Christoph Schmügel , whose father was organist in Pritzier and Warlitz, the organ builder Johann Georg Stein , as well as artists involved in Warlitz who were also active in the residence in Ludwigslust that was being built at the same time .

Poet and mycologist

This led to the fact that Tode was able to recommend himself to Duke Friedrich the Pious with his poetry, who soon engaged him to write numerous cantatas and oratorios. In addition, he continued to work on mycological studies, which he was able to print under the title Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti shortly before his appointment to the consistorial council . In addition to new principles of mycological systematics and naming of numerous, predominantly microscopic species, the two volumes of the work contain images of excellent quality engraved in copper. In 1772 a breviary with songs for domestic devotion was published. The Duke's fondness for oratorio church music led to the creation of numerous important compositions a. a. by Johann Wilhelm Hertel , Friedrich Ludwig Benda , Johann Gottlieb Naumann and Antonio Rosetti , through whom death became known nationwide as a lyricist.

Church offices

In 1783 Heinrich Julius Tode became provost of the Wittenburg circle. When he was promoted to church councilor in 1792 , to court and cathedral preacher and superintendent in 1793 and the associated move to Schwerin and to consistorial councilor in 1794 , the artistic power that was presumably displaced by the tiresome activity in office died out. Death became increasingly melancholy and depressed. Shortly before his death, in a fit of self-doubt, he wanted to destroy his entire work. As a result, at least the last volume of the “Fungi Speziale” was lost, the copper plates of which were already engraved.

The contemporary reports describe Death as a highly sensitive, stubborn and completely unpretentious person. Presumably for this reason no illustration of him has survived. Heinrich Julius Tode died in 1797 at the age of 65 of dropsy of the breast and was buried on January 8, 1798 in Schwerin Cathedral .

Honors

After him are the fern genus Todea Willd. ex Bernh. from the royal fern family (Osmundaceae) and the mushroom genus Mycotodea Kirschst. named.

Works

• Elegies . Göttingen, Bossiegel 1762 (actually: 1761)
• Christian songs . Hamburg / Lüneburg 1771
• Dömitz, or the prisoners' sighs . Schwerin 1777.
• Provided seven songs for the Ludwigslust hymnbook published by Moritz (Joachim Christoph) Passow (1753–1830) and (Christian) Friedrich Studemund (1748–1819)
• Fungi Mecklenburgenses Selecti.
  • Volume [1], 1: Nova Fungorum Genera Complectens. I-VIII, 1-50, panels 1-7. Lueneburg 1790
  • Volume [1], 2: Generum Novorum Appendicem et Sphaeriarum Acaulium Subordines iii Priores Complectens. I-VIII, 1-67, panels 8-17. Lueneburg 1791.
  • Volume 2. I-VIII, 1-67, plates 8-17. Lüneburg 1791 (JFG Lemke)
• Birth of christ . Cantata (1774)
• The resurrection of Christ . (1777)
• Gift of the Holy Spirit . (1778)
• Providence .
• O Lamb of God in the dust . (1780)
• Jesus in Gethsemane . (1780)
• The friends at the tomb of the Savior . (1782)
• Jesus in bonds . (1782)
• Jesus in purple . (1783)
• Jesus in court . (1782)
• Call to repentance . (1782)
• Time and eternity . (1783)
• Our father . (1783)
• God's ways . (1783)
• The self-denial . (1783)
• Our brothers . (1785)
• Trust in god . (1787)
• Death . (1787)
• The Ascension of Christ . (1787)
• The religion . (1788)
• Easter cantata . (1789)
• The Winter Festival of the Shepherds . (1789)
• The victory of the Messiah . (1790)
• Alleluia . (1791)
• Various cantatas for birthdays and weddings in the Princely House .
• Botanical requests, wishes and bonuses . In: Monthly by and for Mecklenburg 1792, Oct. p. 379 and ff.
• Several occasional poems .

literature

• Johann Christian Koppe : Now living, learned Mecklenburg . Second piece (1783), pp. 187-197.
• New monthly by and for Mecklenburg . Vol. 6 (1797) 11/12, p. 389 (Nekrolog von an "HvM")
• Gustav Willgeroth : Henrich <sic!> Julius death. In other words: The Mecklenburg-Schwerin parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Vol. 2 (1925). Pp. 1001-1002.
• Hans Joachim Heinrich Brockmüller: In memory of Consistorialrath HJ death . In: Mecklenburg advertisements 1882, No. 197 supplement and Mecklenburg advertisements 1884 No. 26.
• Heinrich Dörfelt & Heike Heklau: The history of mycology . (1998) p. 432.
• Johann Georg Meusel: Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800 . Vol. 14. Leipzig 1815, pp. 90-93.
• Jan von Busch: Faith turned to stone. Heinrich Julius Tode and the Trinity Church in Warlitz . In: Mecklenburg Magazin No. 37 (September 16, 2005, supplement to the Schweriner Volkszeitung), p. 21.
• Jan von Busch (ed.): "Theology of the Enlightenment - tension between baroque church space, church music and natural science", On the 275th birthday of Heinrich Julius Tode, series "Rostocker Theologische Studien", Vol. 19, LIT-Verlag Münster 2009, ISBN 978-3-8258-1797-8 .

Web links

• Literature about Heinrich Julius death in the state bibliography MV
• Author entry and list of the described plant names for Heinrich Julius Tode at the IPNI
• www.barockkirchewarlitz.de

Individual evidence

1. ↑ See further details in Gustav Willgeroth : Henrich <sic!> Julius Tode. In other words: The Mecklenburg-Schwerin parishes since the Thirty Years' War. Vol. 2 (1925), p. 1020.
2. ^ Preussisches Archiv, Königsberg 1792, p. 600 at uni.goettingen.de
3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names - Extended Edition. Part I and II. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin , Freie Universität Berlin , Berlin 2018, ISBN 978-3-946292-26-5 doi: 10.3372 / epolist2018 .
4. ↑ New Mecklenburg hymnbook. For the court commons in Schwerin and Ludwigslust. (1794)
5. ^ Johann Georg Meusel: Lexicon of the German writers who died from 1750 to 1800 . Vol. 14. Leipzig 1815, p. 92.