August Freund (chemist)

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August Freund (born July 30, 1835 in Kenti , Galicia, † February 28, 1892 in Lemberg ) was a Galician chemist.

He first learned to be a pharmacist and from 1856 studied pharmacy in Lemberg. After graduating in 1858, he was assistant to Leopold von Pebal from the following year and in 1860 passed the teaching examination in physics and chemistry. In 1861 he became a secondary school teacher (professor) in Tarnopol, Poland, and in Lemberg in 1869. With its casually conducted chemical works, he was in 1871 as External at the University of Leipzig in chemistry Doctor of Philosophy PhD ( About the products of the acid fermentation of Waizenkleie ). In 1872 he became a full professor of chemistry at the Polytechnic in Lemberg, whose rector he was later.

He worked in the field of organic chemistry for fermentation, naphtha and ketone syntheses , discovered trimethylene ( cyclopropane ), expanded his knowledge of unsaturated hydrocarbons as part of his trimethylene research and in 1881 developed the cyclopropane synthesis named after him ( Freund reaction , cyclization of 1,3 -Dibromopropane under the influence of sodium).

Publications

  • About the products of sour fermentation of wheat bran. Dissertation . University of Leipzig, 1871.
  • Concerning the supposed occurrence of trimethycarbinol among the products of alcoholic fermentation and an advantageous mode of presentation of this alcohol. In: Journal for practical chemistry. Row 2, Volume 12, 1875, pp. 25-38.
  • About the nature of ketones. In: Journal for practical chemistry. Volume 62, 1861, pp. 214-231. (on-line)
  • Contribution to the knowledge of phenylsulphurous and phenylsulphuric acid. In: Liebig's annals. Volume 120, 1861, pp. 76-89. (on-line)
  • About the formation and representation of trimethylene alcohol from glycerine. In: Monthly magazine for chemistry. Volume 2, 1881, pp. 636-641.
  • Chemistry outline for use in high schools. Lemberg 1881. (Polish)
  • About trimethylene. In: monthly journals for chemistry and related parts of other sciences. Volume 3, 1882, pp. 625-635.

literature

  • Albert Faulconer, Thomas Edward Keys: Foundations of Anesthesiology. 2 volumes, Charles C Thomas, Springfield (Illinois) 1965, here: Volume 1, p. 523 (-530).
  • Entry in Winfried Pötsch, Annelore Fischer, Wolfgang Müller: Lexicon of important chemists . Harri Deutsch, 1989, ISBN 3-8171-1055-3 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Friend Reaction. In: The Merck Index - Organic Named Reactions (ONR). Accessed May 27, 2019 .
personal data
SURNAME Friend, august
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Galician chemist
DATE OF BIRTH July 30, 1835
PLACE OF BIRTH Kęty
DATE OF DEATH February 28, 1892
Place of death Lviv