Committee (HRR)
The committee or also the state committee was an armed contingent in the Holy Roman Empire (HRR), whose tasks included both national defense and criminal prosecution .
definition
The committee was a paramilitary organized troop unit that was recruited by the imperial powers of the HRR from the inhabitants of their areas of rule. It was not a permanently deployed force, but a kind of militia that was only called up when necessary. For this purpose, all cities and municipalities of an administrative district had to assign a certain number of men capable of military service to the committee, whereby the size of the contingent to be sent depended on the size of the respective municipality. The unit, also known as the Landwehr Committee, was used for national defense during the Thirty Years' War .
In addition to military tasks, the committee also had executive activities, because within the framework of the high judiciary , it was used to apprehend fugitives. The committee was called up by the cent or Fraischrichter , who as the highest official of a high court was responsible for exercising this jurisdiction. As is customary in other areas of law in the HRR, this judge performed both executive and judicial tasks.
The mandate for criminal prosecution was always limited to the area of responsibility of a High Court Office (i.e. a Cent or Fraischamt ), but beyond its clearly defined limits the committee was prohibited from prosecuting fugitive offenders. This also applied to the limited cents located within the High Court district , in the village markings of these areas the bailiff exercising village and community rule had the right to arrest fugitive criminals. The committee was only allowed to enter these areas when pursuing escaped prisoners. From the 17th century onwards, the committee was deployed to ever greater proportions, and the contingents used were sometimes as strong as entire companies. If a death sentence was imposed during the sentencing of the arrested criminal, this was carried out in the presence of the entire committee.
literature
- Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Höchstadt-Herzogenaurach (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part Franconia . I, 1). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1951, DNB 452071143 ( digitized version ).
- Wilhelm Schwemmer, Gustav Voit: Lauf-Hersbruck (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part of Franconia . I, 14). Komm. Für Bayerische Landesgeschichte, Munich 1967, DNB 456999256 ( digitized version ).
- Helmut Delmattio: Kronach - The Altlandkreis . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1998, ISBN 3-7696-9698-0 .
- Hanns Hubert Hofmann : Nuremberg-Fürth (= Historical Atlas of Bavaria, part Franconia I, 4). Commission for Bavarian State History, Munich 1954, DNB 452071224 ( digitized version ).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Kronach - The Altland District . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 134 .
- ↑ Kronach - The Altland District . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 289 .
- ↑ Kronach - The Altland District . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 417 .
- ↑ Kronach - The Altland District . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 208 .
- ↑ Kronach - The Altland District . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 398 .
- ↑ a b c d Höchstadt-Herzogenaurach . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 28 ( digital-sammlungen.de [accessed on April 11, 2020]).
- ↑ Höchstadt-Herzogenaurach . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 25 ( Digitale-sammlungen.de [accessed on April 11, 2020]).
- ↑ Lauf-Hersbruck . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 24 ( digital-sammlungen.de [accessed on April 11, 2020]).
- ↑ Nuremberg-Fürth . In: Historical Atlas of Bavaria . S. 36–37 ( digital-sammlungen.de [accessed April 11, 2020]).