Böckinger See

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Böckingen am See, map from 1834

The Böckinger lake was an elongated lake in the southeast of Heilbronn district Böckingen consisting of a since 1333 partially dried-up old arm of the river Neckar was born. For a long time the lake was a double lake consisting of the Upper and Lower Lake . After the Lower Lake had already been drained in the 19th century, the Upper Lake was also narrowed in favor of the railway facilities in Böckingen from 1894 to 1896, later gradually reduced in size and finally in 1948 filled in with rubble from the site, which was badly damaged in World War II.

history

Böckinger See and the northern course of the Altach (deep blue), Neckar main stream since 1333 (medium blue) and Neckar Canal since the 20th century (light blue) on today's settlement
Winter scene at Böckinger See without (1835) ...
... and with the Northern Railway (1848 or later)
Grounds at the cattle pasture, formerly a lake. In the foreground rubble to protect green areas

Originally the main river of the Neckar flowed near Böckingen, while further east only a branch passed Heilbronn. During a flood in 1333, the main stream broke through to the east. The Neckar privilege allowed the city of Heilbronn to change the course of the river. The old arm of the river in front of Böckingen was separated from the Neckar by a weir and the new main arm of the Neckar was led along the western Heilbronn city wall. From the original arm of the Neckar near Böckingen, as a result of drying out and silting up, in the end only an elongated lake was left at the gates of Böckingen, several hundred meters long and 20 to 45 meters wide. Therefore Böckingen was also called Böckingen am See .

The legend of the pike in the Böckinger See surrounds the lake . In 1497 a pike is said to have been caught in the lake, which Emperor Friedrich II allegedly used there in 1230. At least that is how it could be read on an old painting in Heilbronn town hall, first mentioned in 1612 and destroyed in 1944 .

In 1731 the lake was still a closed unit, but then degenerated into a double lake consisting of two adjoining lakes due to progressive drying out. In 1770, the original course of the river from the lake to the northeast, known as the Altach , had dried up so far that a bridge was no longer needed to cross it. In 1834 the lake was still 750 meters long, but it was gradually drained. Its area shrank from 347  a in 1835 due to the construction of the northern runway, which opened in 1848, to 252 a in 1852.

The Lower Lake owned by the municipality of Böckingen was completely drained from 1873 to 1884. The municipality acquired the Upper Lake in 1881 from the Royal Domain Directorate. For the Heilbronn marshalling yard, built between 1894 and 1896, and the second track on the Bietigheim – Jagstfeld railway line , the tracks had to be relocated further east at the expense of the lake. As a result, its length was reduced to 410 meters, the area was now 167 a. On the embankment of the railway, the Böckingen station was opened in 1901 .

The fishing rights on the lake were leased to the fisherman Krause around 1900 and later to Heinrich Stegmüller, the "Seehein". However, the lake continued to dry out and towards the end of the Second World War it was a “rotten large pond, from which a large plague of gnats emanated” so that the lake was completely filled in with the ruins of the place destroyed by air raids in 1944/45 by 1948.

An allotment garden was initially set up on the old lake area. In 1967 there were no further plans to rebuild the lake over a length of 200 meters in order to create a park-like green area on the outskirts of Böckingen. The green zone was then cut through by the Neckartalstraße , which was built in 1969 , and parking spaces and sports fields were created at the location of the lake. The Heilbronner Stadtwerke also rejected a new construction of the lake for reasons of drinking water protection.

The lake is still reminiscent of the Seestrasse that once ran towards it from the west. At Viehweide 91 in Böckingen, a former, private quarry pond of the Seegemeinschaft eV is intended to be a symbolic reminder of the Böckinger See.

Boeckinger pirates

The name of the Böckinger - pirates - is also associated with the Böckinger See. The exact origin of the Utz name is disputed. Otto Rombach attributes it to the fact that the Böckingers illegally fished at night in the then royal waters during the feudal era. According to the Böckingen chronicler Hellmut Westenberger, the Utz name goes back to the theft of a little christening bell in the neighboring village of Frankenbach , which the thieves from Böckingen would have sunk in the Böckinger See. The Utzname is the theme of the pirate fountain created by Dieter Läpple in front of the Böckingen community center .

literature

  • Helmut Schmolz , Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Vol. 1: Photos from 1860 to 1944. , Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1966
  • Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Vol. 2: Photos from 1858 to 1944. , Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967
  • Eugen Knupfer (edit.): Document book of the city of Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1904 ( Württemberg historical sources . N. F. 5)
  • Description of the Oberamt Heilbronn . Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 1901/1903

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Gerhard Schnepf: On the district . In: Peter Wanner (Ed.): Böckingen am See. A district of Heilbronn - yesterday and today . Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1998, ISBN 3-928990-65-9 , p. 233 .
  2. ^ Schmolz / Weckbach: Heilbronn. The old city in words and pictures . Volume 1, page 54 No. 72, Böckinger See
  3. ^ Roland Rösch: The railway in Böckingen . In: Peter Wanner (Ed.): Böckingen am See. A district of Heilbronn - yesterday and today . Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1998, ISBN 3-928990-65-9 , p. 563 .
  4. ↑ Siegfried Schilling: Seeräuber - today an official honorary title in: That were still times ... and Böckingen today? , 1982
  5. ↑ http://www.stimme.de/bilder/bilder/Heilbronner-Stadtteile-im-Rueckblick;cme30934,1265449  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.stimme.de  
  6. ↑ 1983 Willi Marian am Mariansee  ( page no longer available , search in web archives )  Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.@1@ 2Template: Toter Link / www.stimme.de  

Coordinates: 49 ° 7 '48.7 "  N , 9 ° 11' 42.2"  E