Old Town Hall (Heilbronn)

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Old town hall around 1905
Old town hall, floor plan
Main building of the Old Town Hall, 2008, on the right the extensions added after the Second World War
Today's town hall, floor plan, main building is the part of the old town hall that was rebuilt after the Second World War

The old town hall in Heilbronn was destroyed on December 4, 1944 during an air raid on Heilbronn . During the reconstruction carried out in 1949/1951, only the exterior architecture of the main building was restored. This included his gallery and the astronomical art clock .

Today's Heilbronn town hall consists of this remnant of the old, historic town hall and four adjoining new buildings (extensions) arranged around an inner courtyard. The south wing of the extension building, which adjoins the old town hall to the east and was completed in 1959, replaces two old houses that were destroyed in the war. Like these previous buildings, it maintains the “historical distance to the old town hall” (to its front), but is otherwise “architecture completely detached from the Renaissance tradition”.

The old town hall dates back to a 13th century building that was rebuilt in 1417. The imperial city of Heilbronn had its "old town hall dating from 1417" enlarged by Hans Kurz in the 16th century . In the 19th century, the Berlin architects Jassoy and Vollmer were commissioned to restore the “old town hall”.

history

An older town hall building near the church fountain (Siebenröhrenbrunnen) is described (“around 1535 an even older town hall building near the church fountain was destroyed by fire”). The story of a town hall in Heilbronn, known to us today, begins with the mention of a town hall on Kirchbrunnenstrasse, with the Kilian's Church in the area of ​​the west tower and an older market square further west. In contrast, today's neighboring market square was initially built over with a farm yard. The building of today's Heilbronn town hall on Kaiserstraße, which was destroyed in the war, once bordered the Kieselmarkt, where Lammgasse and Lohtorstraße (formerly Judengasse ), two historical main streets of the market town, met. With the synagogue (1357), the ritual baths and the cemetery of the Heilbronn Jews, the Kieselmarkt was the center of the Jewish community in Heilbronn in the late Middle Ages. After the city ban for Jews in the late 15th century, the area was acquired by the imperial city of Heilbronn and built over.

Architecture and furnishings

Exterior architecture

The historic main building of the Heilbronn town hall
The astronomical clock at Heilbronn town hall (before 1944)
Outside staircase, address by King Wilhelm II on November 9, 1906 on the 100th anniversary of the fusilier regiment

Main building

The town hall is a right-angled six-storey building extended to the north, the eight-axis, three-storey south facade with a flight of stairs facing the market square. The outside staircase now covers the access to the Ratskeller and at the same time leads to the entrance hall in front of the Small Council Chamber on the first floor, where the portraits of some of the city's former mayors are today. To the right of the art clock emblazoned on the façade a heraldic angel framed by Gothic pinnacles , i.e. an angel who in his hands carries an imperial city coat of arms with an eagle on a golden background. The city coat of arms with the imperial eagle comes from the old predecessor building and was added to the facade next to the town hall clock in the new building.

Art clock

A large astronomical clock with three dials and chimes and figures is mounted in the middle of the south facade above the entrance and on the gable above . This clock, much admired by contemporaries, was made by Isaac Habrecht in 1580 , using parts of an older art clock by Hans Paulus from 1525. Under the clock, the sculptor Adam Wagner has embedded a knee figure in the facade, which represents the sculptor Adam Wagner (according to another source, builder Hans Kurz).

gallery

Between 1581 and 1583, the sculptor Adam Wagner created the “corridor” or “gallery” with a double flight of stairs . The arcade or gallery consists of six short, Ionic columns that are connected to one another by five segmental arches . The barred half-arches on the left and right under the stairs once served as " fools' houses ". The stairs and the gallery are combined by a parapet. This is adorned with fittings interspersed with stripes . Each column is crowned by a cranked console with a female figure on it. These six smaller, female figures represent allegories , between them herms can be seen. The allegories are presented as follows to the viewer on the market square (from left to right):

The 300 florins demanded by the sculptor  were refused by the council, and they obliged him to design the "leading corridor" - the gallery with a flight of stairs - for 120 florins. As a result, Wagner's work seems to have subsided, which is evidenced by repeated reminders to complete it. So the council finally had some sympathy and approved the requested sum for a discount of 30 guilders advanced.

Franz Kanter BRANTZKY - "Travel Sketches Town Hall Deutsch Herrenhaus" around 1895 (knight figure on the gallery at the old town hall in Heilbronn)

The hall below the gallery shows ribbed vaults and short stone columns with Ionic capitals (master builder Hans Kurz).

Adam Wagner: Allegory of Charity
Bench

In 1583, beneath the arcades of the flight of stairs, a 6.5 m long bench was erected in 1528 and made from a single block of sandstone. It bears the following inscription: “The longest stone I am known / to Hailbronn called the word sign / An leng three Zol twenty four shoe / An brait and thick two shoe I thu / Bun also left to come here / and the guards I am ready to sit . "

Sandstone bench under the outside staircase
Knight figures

Senior building officer Dr.-Ing. Hans Koepf ascribes the earlier knight figures on the town hall steps to the sculptor Bernhard Sporer in Volume VII of "Life Images in Swabia and Franconia" . From a contract with B. Sporer in the “tax room bills” (1499/1500) “the picture in the corridor in front of the town hall ... a man in armor sampt weir” cost 11 guilders. The second knight figure is also attributed to Sporer due to the style analogy. The figure of a knight in the eastern part is lost, the one in the western part was recovered in the post-war period.

  • Bernhard Sporer - knight figures
  • Heilbronn, old town hall, outside staircase, knight figure (west side) .jpg
  • Heilbronn, Old Town Hall, open staircase, figure of a knight (east side) .jpg

Extension buildings

New office (1593/1596)

See main article New Law Firm

Town hall courtyard (1590–1593 and 1902)
Town hall courtyard around 1900

If you entered the portal of the New Chancellery, you came to an inner courtyard that was built in the years 1590–1593 and measured about 20 × 20 meters and had a Renaissance style gable showing the year 1593 under the sundial. The gable served as an elevator gable because the attic of the Heilbronn town hall was also used as a storage room. The gable sits over an eaves line that runs horizontally (between). The gable was decorated with pilasters, volutes, male busts and a sundial on which a Gothic pinnacle had been placed.

In the western area of ​​the town hall courtyard there was a justice fountain. The publicly jumping fountain was fed by the Cecilia line. Jakob Müller created the trough, the fountain stick and the Justita statue on the stick in 1605. In addition, there was the scoop fountain in the inner courtyard of the town hall, to which excess tap water could be supplied. In 1902 a gallery with a stair tower and hood was built. In 1905 the draw well in the town hall courtyard was reconstructed with a stone border and a stone frame according to the old structure. The end grilles in the inner courtyard of the town hall were made according to designs by Professors Vollmer and Jassoy. The inner courtyard of the town hall became famous when Ernst Jäckh , a confidante of the Young Turks, and a Turkish study commission met there on July 8, 1911 in Heilbronn.

  • Town hall courtyard

  • Gable in the inner courtyard of the town hall from 1593

  • Graduation in the courtyard

  • Inner courtyard, renaissance fountain

  • Draw well in the courtyard of the town hall

Inner courtyard of the town hall with the young Turks' confidante Ernst Jäckh and the Turkish study commission in Heilbronn on July 8, 1911
Syndicate House (1600)

The syndicate house was a three-story wing building. The upper end of the Renaissance building was formed by a gable facing south, which was decorated with volutes , Corinthian and Ionic pilasters and obelisks . Furthermore, ornamental fittings and a mercenary with sword and lance as the upper end of the gable, which was considered a counterpart to the mercenary on Kilian's Church. Beneath the mercenary was a male bust with a toggle beard and Spanish collar , which stuck his head out of a round opening. The bust is intended to symbolize the mayor of the time, who commissioned the renovation and was therefore the builder of the Heilbronn town hall at the time.

After the transition to Württemberg in 1803, the syndicate building became the seat of the Oberamt Heilbronn , whose Oberamtmann was also chairman of the city court until 1819 and had council sovereignty. In 1878 the seat of the office was relocated to a new building, whereupon the syndicate building was also referred to as the Altes Oberamt .

During the restoration work around 1900, an east gable similar to the south gable was added at the end of the building.

  • Syndicate building

  • South gable

  • South gable (1600) to the market square, east gable (1900) to the pebble market

Interior design

Entrance area and entrance hall

Hall

The hall of the Old Town Hall combined Renaissance and Neo-Renaissance. The eight-sided, large pillars made of oak, which ran through two floors, supported an elaborately decorated beamed ceiling, the ceiling beams of which rested on the wooden pillars with extensions and consoles. The beamed ceiling had plastered ceiling strips. The shaft rings of the pillars, the joists including the beam ceiling were lavishly painted with abstract, plant-based ornaments as well as isolated heads on the extensions. The three-quarters high wall was paneled with wood and showed gable-shaped door crowns with segment arches and attached obelisks and flanking herms. Wrought-iron wheel candlesticks with six cantilevered lanterns, which were decorated with foliage and openwork tendrils, hung from the ceiling.

Chandelier chased and chased in brass, designed by Professors Vollmer and Jassoy, Berlin
  • Big hall

  • 1st floor

  • 1st floor, pillar

  • 2nd Floor

  • 2nd floor, beamed ceiling

Hall room
Staircase

The staircase of the old town hall from the first to the hall on the second floor was particularly beautiful. At the level of the hall on the first floor, the posts on the stairs on the left and right were decorated with an upright city eagle. The stairs had a balustrade with balusters turned from oak , whereby the balusters were divided with different posts . The stairs split on a landing or landing at half height. Here grapes adorned the posts with vine leaves.

Luther's saying could be read on a large beam in the staircase: "Stand firmly, open your mouth, stop soon!"

The main staircase after the upper floor showed a wide window with a glass painting of the medieval cityscape. The side walls showed scenes from the history of Heilbronn, flanked by town halls of friendly imperial cities. The depicted town halls were separated from each other by painted cones , with painted medallions with half-length portraits around the city of deserving citizens.

  • Former staircase in the Great Hall

  • On the side wall you can see how the citizens swear by the new constitution of 1541, flanked by the town halls of Augsburg and Regensburg

  • The transfer of the tower extension from St. Kilian to Hans Schweiner could be seen on the side wall, flanked by the town halls of Esslingen, Ulm and Nuremberg

Boardrooms

Great council chamber
Large council chamber, eagle on the ceiling, detail

In 1589 the city acquired two buildings to the north and east of the town hall and had them demolished for further town hall extensions. From 1590 to 1593, the elongated northern rear building was built as a transverse wing "behind the council court", which was built as an armory and later served as the great council chamber, with the entrance to the great council chamber in the hall on the first floor.

The large council chamber was usually intended for the joint meetings of both colleges and since the renovation by Jassoy and Vollmer has had a floor space of 260 m². Two preserved Renaissance stone columns with old ornamented wall brackets served as a template for the other columns newly created in the Neo-Renaissance style. A coffered stucco ceiling was drawn in during this restoration, which was adorned with colored coats of arms of the imperial city of Heilbronn, the duchy and kingdom of Württemberg and the German Empire founded in 1871 and in the other fields with heraldic eagles. A coat of arms showed three Württemberg stag sticks and the three Hohenstaufen lions, which also form the new state coat of arms of the state of Baden-Württemberg. The large council chamber from the time of the imperial city was destroyed in the air raid on December 4, 1944.

  • Former Great Council Chamber

  • Great council chamber

  • This door was in the Great Hall and led to the Great Council Chamber

  • One of the doors inside the Great Council Hall

  • The coffered stucco ceiling adorned with a heraldic eagle

Small council room
lighting

The "Kleine Rats-Saal" (community council hall) was on the 2nd floor of the "old town hall". The Heilbronn community council hall was planned as a courtroom but was later used as a ballroom and, next to the hall in the shooting house, was one of the few rococo halls in the city of Heilbronn - " It was one of the few festive rooms that the 18th century in Heilbronn, which was so rich in this area, had created, and of whose achievements today only the hall of the shooting house can testify. "

The then senator and chief architect Eberhard Ludwig Becht commissioned the Stuttgart court painter Johann Jakob Morff for a fee of 150 guilders to create a ceiling painting for the council chamber, which was completed in 1779. The painting designed by Morff was dedicated to justice and showed the goddess Justitia in the middle in a kind of allegory. She held the scales of justice in her right hand. The goddess was surrounded by putti and female figures. One figure was laden with fruit and wore a wreath on its head. This represented the wealth and blessings of just judgment. The other two figures, to the right of Justitia, fell into a dark abyss. These embodied evil.

In a rejected draft by Morff, the painter had furnished the subject with a large number of allegorical figures, such as Mercury, the god of trade ("a reference to Heilbronn's bloom as a trading town"). At the corners of the picture were oval medallions with personifications of science, music, and agriculture. In the oval medallion of agriculture, the painter depicted the Wartberg with a clearly visible watchtower in the background.

The painting dedicated to justice won approval. In 1780, the ceiling painting by Johann Jakob Morff was combined by a wide stucco frame by Johann Sigismund Hezel, for which he received a payment of 110 guilders. The diagonals were adorned with medallions showing bundles made of musical instruments, elements of war or writing material. A wide strip summarizes the cornice . The walls were divided by fields of different widths that went from the baseboard to the ceiling. Ornate pendants made of fruit bunches were in the upper third. There was a portrait medallion flanked by two figures above the door to the council chamber.

  • Former council chamber in the Rococo style

  • Former council chamber

  • Door to the former council chamber

  • Ceiling painting in the former council chamber

Citizens Committee Hall

On the second floor (the upper hall) there was not only the council hall but also the hall of the citizens' committee. The hall contained u. a. a large view of the city of Heilbronn from the west painted on wood with the inscription: Haec urbis Heilbr. delineatio ex vetustiori quodam exemplari desumpta anno salutis est. 1617 . Around 1910 there were the life-size oil paintings showing Emperor Franz I and his wife Maria Theresa , who came to Heilbronn on their return journey from Coronation Day in Frankfurt on October 17, 1745, where a festive reception was given to the imperial couple. The paintings were painted in 1774.

OB room

The Lord Mayor's room was designed with a rich stucco ceiling under Jassoy and Vollmer.

  • Heilbronn, Old Town Hall, OB room, 2.jpg
  • Heilbronn, Old Town Hall, OB room, 1.jpg

Ratskeller

File: Heilbronn, Altes Rathaus, Ratskeller, Lichtungskoerper.tif The Ratskeller of the Old Town Hall previously served as a warehouse, the entrance to which was under the town hall arcades on the left. On the right side of the arcades was the access to the police station and holding cells, which occupied the other half of the vaults. After a redesign, the Ratskeller was opened as a restaurant in 1897, with King Wilhelm and Queen Charlotte personally present. The room was designed in the so-called "old German style" with vaults and tiled stoves. There was also the "interesting" wine table of Dr. Bilfinger, which listed all Heilbronn vintages from 1411 to 1895 - whether "good, mediocre or bad in quality and quantity" The main restaurant at that time was on Rathausgasse; there were only two small dining rooms on the market square. Many postcards show various historical Heilbronn personalities (such as Mayor Hegelmaier) in the Ratskeller. A saying adorned the Ratskeller:

"
One cannot be happy without beautiful women and good wine .
However, be modest
that you will not be offended by either of them."

Heilbronn, Old Town Hall, Ratskeller, post mark April 12th, 1899, archive signature F003-M 0419-3981.jpg

Wedding room

Comedy Hall

The “Commoediantensaal” was a hall set up as a theater. The "Komödiensaal" located in the back of the town hall could no longer be used after a fire in the scenery in 1777, which is why the venue was relocated to the meat shop.

Hunting trophies

One of the former jewels in the Heilbronn town hall: "The Böckinger Pike"

"Böckinger giant pike"

The " Böckinger giant pike " was a fish that was caught in 1497. Up until 1944 there was a semi-arch-shaped painting from the 16th century on the second floor next to the municipal council hall . The painting on wood, first mentioned in 1612, showed a pike allegedly caught in Lake Böckinger See in 1497 , surrounded by inscriptions. The painting originally hung on the old Neckar bridge and reached the town hall at the beginning of the 19th century when the bridge gate was demolished.

In a Heilbronn wine booklet, the history of the Böckinger pike is described as follows: “In addition to other honors, the Council of Heilbronn honored this emperor Friedrich with a pike, which the emperor himself placed in the Böckinger See as a special reminder for his size and beauty beforehand had a brass ring made of copper on the ears, on it was written in Greek letters: I am the fish that Emperor Friedrich the other put into this lake with his own hand on October 5th in the 1230 year after the birth of Christ. "

Above the fish there was an inscription with the following verses: I am the fish
which in this vision was made by Friderico the other
named Regent of the World in the year 1230 on the 5th of October

Below the fish was an inscription with the following verses:

Look at Heilbronn understand me right
In the Weyer called Böckinger See
The one in itself has
six mornings on the water but without all gfahr
Which must be drained
What has to be borne by the deadline
When one was counted a thousand four hundred years
and ninety seven

After Christ our Heyland's birth
such a pike was caught in it The figure
here ground down stands
In this size a ring around
the neck From Mös grown on the neck a
strong under the raft feathers
To be
dug so man with Greek script is so there

The painting was destroyed in World War II. However, the painting served as a model for the clinker brick facade of the teaching pool at the Fritz-Ulrich-Schule Grund- und Werkrealschule Böckingen, designed by Gerhard Binder . In addition to the sun, sailing boats and birds, it shows the stylized “Böckinger giant pike” in a modern version. Other authors let the story take place in Kaiserslautern , see the saga of the pike in the Kaiserwoog .

"Schweinsberger Wildsäue"

The walls of the town hall were hung with the heads of huge wild pigs that used to live in the urban forests on the Schweinsberg . Labels said:

“When I was in Schweinsberg early,
my name was Jerg Karg the hunter.
My head testifies without a sheer
that I was a saw. 1678 "

During a visit to the town hall in 1878, Mark Twain was not interested in history or architecture - "Not beauty, rarities marvel at globetrotter Mark Twain" (Uwe Jacobi, 1987), but only hunting trophies. Twain described this:

“… Hung on boards along the wall a number of skulls of huge boars ; they had inscriptions on who had killed them and how many centuries ago it had happened "

- Mark Twain, 1878

See also

photos

  • Photograph by Duke Philipp von Württemberg from March 21, 1904

  • Heilbronn town hall, color lithograph by Edmund Karl Ulmschneider, -Kunstmaler- (* August 1, 1881 - February 11, 1923) partially bent back, right.

  • "Marktplatz zu Heilbronn" (with town hall) Color lithograph by Robert Stieler (landscape and architectural painter born June 15, 1846; † May 3, 1908)

  • Site plan u. Views of the original inner courtyard on the four sides, around 1853

literature

  • Association for Tourism Heilbronn (Ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian's Church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907-1910, OCLC 174405587 . (Heilbronn city archive, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910).
  • Senior building officer Willi Zimmermann: The building history of the old Heilbronn town hall . In: Official Journal for the city and district of Heilbronn . No. 37 . Heilbronn September 12, 1963, p. 9-10 .
  • Senior building officer Willi Zimmermann: The building history of the old Heilbronn town hall . In: Official Journal for the city and district of Heilbronn . No. 38 . Heilbronn September 19, 1963, p. 3 .
  • Elisabeth Grünenwald: The former town hall in the old town hall . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . No. 10 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn August 27, 1955, p. 2-3 .
  • g .: The large entrance hall in the old Heilbronn town hall . In: Official Journal for the City and District of Heilbronn . No. 44 , November 9, 1967, pp. 1 .

Web links

Commons : Altes Rathaus  - Collection of pictures, videos and audio files
Commons : Rathaus (Heilbronn)  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c Julius Fekete : The city of reconstruction after the Second World War. In: Julius Fekete ao: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.5: Heilbronn district. Edition Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , pp. 52–59, on this p. 57.
  2. ^ A b c Bernhard Lattner with texts by Joachim Hennze : Stille Zeitzeugen. 500 years of Heilbronn architecture. Edition Lattner, Heilbronn 2005, ISBN 3-9807729-6-9 , p. 11.
  3. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 4.
  4. ^ Willi Zimmermann: The building history of the Heilbronner town hall In: Historischer Verein Heilbronn. 20th publication , Heilbronn 1951.
  5. ↑ Hans Franke: History and Fate of the Jews in Heilbronn. From the Middle Ages to the time of the National Socialist persecution (1050–1945). Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1963, ISBN 3-928990-04-7 , p. 35.
  6. ↑ a b c d e f g h Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn as it was. Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0746-8 , p. 26.
  7. ↑ a b Julius Fekete: Art and cultural monuments in the city and district of Heilbronn . Theiss, Stuttgart 2002, ISBN 3-8062-1662-2 , p. 40.
  8. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. 2nd Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1973, ISBN 3-87437-062-3 , No. 300 The art clock at the town hall. P. 104.
  9. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and life of a city . 2nd Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1973, ISBN 3-87437-062-3 , No. 299 Hans Kurz, the town hall builder. P. 104.
  10. ^ A b c d Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . Weißenhorn 1966, No. 8. (Publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn. Volume 14)
  11. ^ Julius Fekete, Simon Haag, Adelheid Hanke, Daniela Naumann: Monument topography Baden-Württemberg. Volume I.5: Heilbronn district . Theiss, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8062-1988-3 , p. 39.
  12. ↑ as described in the film in the House of City History (Heilbronn)
  13. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 5.
  14. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 7.
  15. ^ Official Journal for the City and District of Heilbronn from March 25, 1960 No. 40, 12th year, pp. 5-6.
  16. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, DNB 456938214 , p. 11, No. 3 north inner courtyard gable 1865. (Publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 15)
  17. ^ Marianne Dumitrache, Simon M. Haag: Archaeological city cadastre Baden-Württemberg. Volume 8: Heilbronn. Landesdenkmalamt Baden-Württemberg , Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-927714-51-8 , p. 156, no. 362 [Justitiabrunnen]
  18. ↑ Georg A. Volz: The drinking water supply in old Heilbronn . In: Christhard Schrenk (ed.): The water supply of the city of Heilbronn. Small series of publications from the archive of the city of Heilbronn 35. Heilbronn 1996, pp. 29–112, on this p. 32 [illustration of the Schöpfbrunnens], 75, 92, 54f. No. 19
  19. ^ A b Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 1. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1966, p. 17, No. 9: Market square with town hall 1939. (Publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 14)
  20. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 16.
  21. ↑ Erwin Mehne: Blacksmithing ...
  22. ^ Schmolz / Weckbach: History and Life of the City of Heilbronn Konrad-Verlag, Heilbronn 1973, No. 489
  23. ^ A b Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . Volume 1, Konrad, Weißenhorn, 1966, DNB 456938206 , p. 17. (Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, 14)
  24. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, DNB 456938214 , p. 10, no. 1: New chancellery and syndicate house before 1905. (Publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 15)
  25. ↑ cf. Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (eds.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, DNB 456938214 , pp. 12-13, No. 7: Town Hall, Halle, first floor, around 1905.
  26. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], pp. 10–11.
  27. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. 2nd Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1973, ISBN 3-87437-062-3 , No. 299 Hans Kurz, der Rathausbaumeister, p. 106.
  28. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 14.
  29. ↑ Stucco ceiling in the former large council chamber ... In: Official Journal for the city and district of Heilbronn . No. 20 , May 16, 1968, pp. 2 .
  30. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 12.
  31. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures . Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967 (publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 15). P. 11, No. 4
  32. ^ Elisabeth Grünenwald: The former municipal council hall in the old town hall . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . No. 10 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn August 27, 1955, p. 2 .
  33. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, DNB 456938214 , p. 11, no. 4. (Publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn, 15).
  34. ^ Elisabeth Grünenwald: The former municipal council hall in the old town hall . In: Swabia and Franconia. Local history supplement of the Heilbronn voice . No. 10 . Verlag Heilbronner Voice, Heilbronn August 27, 1955, p. 2 .
  35. ↑ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach (ed.): Heilbronn with Böckingen, Neckargartach, Sontheim. The old city in words and pictures. Volume 2. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1967, DNB 456938214 , p. 11, No. 4´: Town Hall, Municipal Council Hall, around 1905. (Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, 15)
  36. ^ Helmut Schmolz, Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and life of a city. 2nd Edition. Konrad, Weißenhorn 1973, ISBN 3-87437-062-3 , no. 299 Hans Kurz, der Rathausbaumeister, p. 106, no. 309 Design by the painter Johann Jakob Morff (1736–1802) for a ceiling painting in the council chamber in 1779
  37. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn as it was . Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0746-8 , p. 24.
  38. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], pp. 11–13.
  39. ↑ Uwe Jacobi: Heilbronn as it was . Droste, Düsseldorf 1987, ISBN 3-7700-0746-8 , p. 23.
  40. ↑ a b Werner Gauss: Alt-Heilbronn, as we knew and loved it. An illustrated book of memories. Gauss, Heilbronn 1950, p. 84.
  41. ^ Eberhard Gossenberger: Municipal archive . In: ders: Heilbronn's secular buildings from the 18th century. A contribution to the art history of the city of Heilbronn. Stuttgart Technical University Dissertation v. August 9, 1917 [1923], pp. 28-32, note no. 1 on p. 32.
  42. ↑ Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 100 .
  43. ↑ Böckingen am See. A district of Heilbronn - yesterday and today. Heilbronn City Archives, Heilbronn 1998, p. 107 (Publications of the Heilbronn City Archives, 37)
  44. ^ Schmolz, Weckbach: Heilbronn. History and life of a city . 1967, p. 76.
  45. ^ Chronicle Heilbronn I, p. 6.
  46. ^ Association for Tourism Heilbronn (ed.): Guide through the town hall and the Kilian church in Heilbronn. Schell'sche Buchdruckerei Victor Kraemer Heilbronn, 1907–1910 [Heilbronn City Archives, Heuss database, archive signature L006-Hc 2 Fue-1910], p. 15.

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 33 ″  N , 9 ° 13 ′ 6.5 ″  E