House of City History (Heilbronn)

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View into one of the exhibition rooms in the House of City History in Heilbronn
The House of City History is located in the city archive building in Heilbronn's Deutschhof

The Haus der Stadtgeschichte (also Otto-Rettenmaier-Haus ) in Heilbronn is the seat of the Heilbronn City Archives and offers research, documentation and museums on the history of Heilbronn . The facility opened in its current form in July 2012.

history

The Heilbronn entrepreneur Otto Rettenmaier financed the conversion of the archive building in Deutschhof into the Otto Rettenmaier House with a donation of 3 million euros in 2011/2012 . In particular, the exhibition area, the building technology and the presentation of the collection in the archive building were completely renewed. During the renovation work, in addition to the previous entrance from Eichgasse, a new entrance to the building was created from the Deutschhof inner courtyard, as well as a continuous connection between the exhibition areas and those of the Heilbronn City Museums , which are also located in the Deutschhof and which show art and other exhibits from the history of the city.

Exhibition concept

The house presents the exhibition “Heilbronn Historically! People, Places, Stories ”in two halls on 485 square meters of exhibition space. The two exhibition rooms on either side of the foyer show the history of the city of Heilbronn from its beginnings to the present. In the smaller of the two rooms, the city's history from the High Middle Ages to the 19th century is presented in five chapters. The focus is on a three-dimensional model of the city of Heilbronn around 1800, in which individual buildings can be illuminated and highlighted and supplementary information on buildings and thematic complexes can be accessed via monitors and wall projections. In the larger of the two halls, the city's history since industrialization is presented in five more chapters, with large-format panels with city views from the early 20th century in the center of the room.

The large number of authentic exhibits is supplemented by texts, images, audio and video offers. Following the tour, illuminated maps embedded in the floor document the changes in the city and highlight those of the buildings to which the respective exhibition station refers. Media consoles on Heilbronn heads and interactive wall monitors are dedicated to certain aspects of the city's history. In the smaller exhibition hall there is a cinema room with films on the city's history, in the larger exhibition hall part of the room can be used for special exhibitions and events. At the end of the tour there is a converted photo booth in which visitors can give their impressions of the archive material via video recording.

Entry to the exhibition as well as entry to the city museums is free, the exhibitions in both houses are open 44 hours a week. The city archives have put together a volunteer team of pilots from people interested in city history who greet and look after visitors in the exhibition area.

subjects

First tracks

A Carolingian figure from around the year 800 is the oldest shown exhibit. The figure, whose origin and original use are unknown, symbolizes the early days of the city's history without a document. The tympanum from the Heilbronn Siebenröhrenbrunnen , which is exhibited below, indicates the origin of the city's name, which was first mentioned in a document from 822 on the occasion of a donation in 741.

High and late Middle Ages

City charter of 9 September 1281
Wayside shrine on Armsündersteige, copy at the original location

Topics dealt with are: "Village and City", "Imperial City, Trade City" and "Merchant City".

The most important documents of the city of Heilbronn are displayed and translated on a console :

Stone monuments of that time are the memorial stone for Nathan the head of the 10th century, which refers to the very old Jewish community Heilbronn , a landmark of the city of Heilbronn from 1494 from Heilbronn Staufenberg on the border with Sontheim , which was originally on the Armsündersteige on the Way to Heilbronner Galgen erected wayside shrine from 1514 as well as the grave slab of Arnold Geiling von Illesheim , the father-in-law Götz von Berlichingen .

A model of the Katharinenspital , founded in 1306 by Wilhelm Rieth, visualizes the most important urban institution for the elderly and poor.

On the wall, a large map shows the plan of the Heilbron area from Böckingen to the marking boundary of Obereisesheim from the year 1597. Further historical map material shows views of the imperial towns of Böckingen , Flein , Frankenbach and Neckargartach, as well as views from the Kieser forest inventory book from 1684 and from the Faberchen Chronicle around 1700, as well as a plan of landmarks of the village Altböckingen from 1778, acquired by the city of Heilbronn in 1333 and then sold .

  • Palatinate assembly document of King Ludwig the German from 841

  • The document in which Heilbronn received the Neckar privilege on August 27, 1333

  • The document in which Heilbronn was made an imperial city on December 28, 1371

  • Crane customs plaque, 1514

Reformation time

The Heilbronn Catechism of 1528
Farmer leader Jäcklein Rohrbach is burned alive.

Topics dealt with are “churches and monasteries” and the time of the Reformation .

Exhibits on the topic of churches and monasteries:

The Reformation period is represented by the following exhibits:

The consoles with the theme "Heilbronn heads" deal with the peasant leader Jäcklein Rohrbach, who was executed in 1525, and with the Kilian church preacher and reformer Johann Lachmann .

  • Board of donors Bernhard Berlin , 1457

  • Sculpture of St. Catherine

  • Bird with a double head (monk and nun)

  • Wind vane from the Klarakloster

Early modern age

Gmelin's tombstone
Oil painting, portrait of Maria Catharina Bianchi geb. Bellino

The themes of "times of war", "trade and handicraft", "trade and port" and the Enlightenment are described.

An interactive media presentation leads from the Peasants' War in the Heilbronn area to the Kasendorfer denominational picture from 1530, on which Mayor Hans Riesser can be seen presenting the Augsburg denomination, to the Thirty Years War with the Battle of Wimpfen in 1622, the Heilbronn Convention in 1633, the conquest of the city by the imperial army in 1634 and other events in the warlike 17th century. The exhibits include shards from the city moat as well as historical stone balls, pistols and sabers.

Trade and craft are represented by the following exhibits:

The following exhibits represent the Age of Enlightenment :

The media station attached to that period is dedicated to Käthchen von Heilbronn as Heinrich von Kleist's homage to Eberhard Gmelin and his patients.

  • Oil portrait of the mayor Georg Heinrich von Roßkampff

  • Mayor's wife Rosina Elisabeth von Kinkel

Kingdom of Württemberg (1803-1870)

“Ceremonial entry of the first harvest wagon in Heilbronn in 1817”, lithograph by Franz Friedrich Schmidt
Heilbronn from the north side , lithograph by the Wolff brothers

The topics "City on the move" and "Revolutionary times" are described, and Heilbronner Klostergasse is discussed in more detail as an example of an important residential street.

The topic "City on the move" summarizes the end of the imperial city of Heilbronn in 1802 and the beginning of industrialization:

  • A stove plate with the coat of arms of Württemberg from 1809 symbolizes the transition from the imperial city of Heilbronn to Württemberg . A silver service by CF Brand, which is also in the exhibition, was dedicated to the merchant August Schreiber in 1799 and commemorates his merit as a representative of the city in the trade fair.
  • After the year without a summer of 1816, the ceremonial entry of the first Erndte car into Heilbronn in 1817 was recorded on a lithograph by Franz Friedrich Schmidt.
  • The Heilbronn lithograph from the north side by the Wolff brothers is the motif of a console, where further information about the depicted buildings can be called up by touching the relevant building. The numerous factories symbolize the industrialization of the city. The deaf brothers Louis and Fritz Wolff, who worked as lithographers, created numerous views of Heilbronn, which today are among the most important testimonies to the appearance of the city in the 19th century up to the onset of industrialization. The brothers' tombstone is also on display in the exhibition in the Haus der Stadtgeschichte, while the municipal museums in the Deutschhof are showing many of their engravings.

  • Tombstone of the Wolff brothers

Front page of the Neckar steamship 1849 to 1853 with the subtitle "Heilbronner Zeitung"
Family portrait of the Mayer family of pharmacists with their parents and two of three sons: probably Gustav and Robert

Exhibits of the station "Revolutionary times":

Heilbronner Klostergasse was once a residential area of ​​the upper middle class. The media station dedicated to that alley provides u. a. the town doctor Georg Klett, who lives in Klostergasse 35, and the doctor Hermann Strauss , who lives in No. 33 , as well as the sparkling wine cellar Zeller & Rauch located in Klostergasse 29 and foreman Georg Andreas Cluss from Klostergasse 39, the progenitor of the Cluss family .

Individual media stations with sound, image and film presentations present the following Heilbronn heads of that era:

  • Adolf Cluss , an architect from Heilbronn. Also on display is a cast of a silver cup that Adolf Cluss received from his sister Henriette Faißt on his visit to Heilbronn in 1898.
  • Ludwig Pfau , a writer from Heilbronn.
  • Robert Mayer , Heilbronn city doctor and discoverer of the law of energy conservation. On display are items from his possession, including coffee dishes, glasses with a case, a microscope with eyepieces , a stethoscope , a clove box from Java (a souvenir from Mayer's journeys) and the blood circulation model developed by Mayer . A historical portrait painting of the Mayer family from around 1820 is also on display, as well as several medals awarded to Robert Mayer for his services, including the Copley Medal of the Royal Society of London for the improvement of natural knowledge .

  • Adolf Cluss

  • Robert Mayer

  • Georg Klett

  • Hermann Strauss

Empire (1871-1918)

Postcard greeting from the art and trade exhibition in 1897
Advertising sheet from Julius Wolff for cranes and hoists (crane) 1900–1910.
The first Federal President Theodor Heuss was once editor-in-chief of the Neckar newspaper

The topics “industrial city and traffic junction”, “early days, new beginnings” and World War I are described .

The new means of transport of the 19th century as well as evidence of urban industry are presented in the thematic group "Industrial City and Transport Hub":

  • The Heilbronn railway network at the end of the 19th century is shown, as well as the replica of the nameplate of locomotive no. 328 of the Heilbronn engineering company , which produced more than 600 locomotives by 1917. The Neckar shipping at that time is represented with a model of a tow barge from the Heilbronn Neckar-Ketten-Schleppschifffahrt ( Neckaresel ), flanked by a cast-iron bollard , manufactured by the company of Julius Wolff & Co. GmbH after 1926. Drawers contain blueprints of buildings from that time, including an original elevation of the Villa Brüggemann .
  • Various signs, reproductions of newspaper advertisements and original products are reminiscent of old Heilbronn companies, including packaging from the Seelig chicory factory , a pea sausage from the Knorr company , shoes from the Wolko shoe factory and silk yarn from the Ackermann twisting mill . The revolver lathe from 1930, also on display, was manufactured by the Heinemann company (St. Georgen) and was used by Sigmund Lust in Heilbronn-Sontheim.

The station "Gründerzeit, Aufbruchzeit" describes the development of the city from the foundation of the empire to the end of the 19th century:

  • A picture of the breakthrough from Kramstrasse (today's Kaiserstrasse) to the avenue symbolizes the major urban development changes of that era, which can also be read from a city plan from 1895, which is also shown.
  • The Heilbronn exhibition for industry, trade and art in 1897 , whose printed advertising material designed by Adolf Amberg is shown, was of particular importance for the industrial development of that time . From the entrepreneurial family of the seed wholesaler Heinrich Becker ( Becker-Franck-Stiftung ) comes a doll's house around 1900, the Becker fashion salon , created for Margarete and Uta Susanne. In addition, the Nocturne in E by Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst can be heard played by the Heilbronn violinist Hugo Heermann .
  • A well cover from 1899 symbolizes the modern infrastructure of the city that was created at the turn of the century with water supply, sewerage, electricity and gas networks, trams, slaughterhouse and cemetery.
  • An interactive wall monitor provides further information on the Heilbronn old town lanes, the Heilbronn sandstone , Heilbronn's historical role as a city of wine, the Heilbronn aviation pioneers Hellmuth Hirth and Alexander Baumann and the Neckar tug boat trip .

The time before and during the First World War is illustrated by the following exhibits:

  • The bozzetto des Eisenhart was designed by Josef Michael Lock in 1915, the statue that was later placed in front of the Heilbronn town hall, into which nails could be hammered in exchange for a donation from the war, was created by Robert Grässle . It was the first statue of its kind in Germany.
  • Postcards show pictures from the social and cultural life in Heilbronn in the early 20th century: the reception for King Wilhelm II in 1906, the visit of a Turkish study commission to Ernst Jäckh in 1911 and the installation of the Eisenhart in front of the town hall on May 12, 1915 .

The "Heilbronn heads" of that era, which are presented in more detail with media stations, are:

Weimar Republic (1919–1933)

The Neckar-Echo was a Heilbronn daily newspaper
The old city theater of Heilbronn

The topics “City of Progress” and “Between Revolution and Crisis” are described.

In particular, the Heilbronn automobile manufacturers and the Heilbronn newspaper and theater life are honored under the theme of "City of Progress":

In the subject area "Between Revolution and Crisis" the following exhibits are shown:

  • The large oil painting by Walter Maisak , a memory of the 1920s pageants in Böckingen , was painted in 1934. Opposed to it is the flag of the Reichsbanner black-red-gold of the SPD, trade unions and workers' sports associations from 1925.
  • Wall showcases show emergency money from the period of high inflation in 1923 as well as pins and political symbols from the 1920s and 1930s. A brass knuckles around 1930 reminds us that political disputes at that time were often carried out with violence on the streets.

The "Heilbronn heads" of that epoch, which are discussed in more detail with their own media stations, are:

  • Wilhelm Maybach

Time under National Socialism (1933–1945)

The Heilbronn synagogue was destroyed in 1938
The destroyed city of Heilbronn after the air raid on December 4, 1944

The seizure of power , the “everyday life in the Nazi state”, the “terror against its own people” and the “city at war” are described.

The exhibition station for the seizure of power includes:

  • A facsimile of the Red Album compiled by an unknown supporter of the NSDAP in Heilbronn shows scenes from the first three months of the Nazi era in Heilbronn: Nazi personalities, Nazi flags in Heilbronn streets and in front of public buildings, the Brown House , the Occupation of the publishing house of the Neckar-Echos, the arrest of Ernst Riegraf (SPD), Karl Britsch (SPD), Willy Holzwarth (Reichsbanner Schwarz-Rot-Gold) and August Weinstock , the "Jewish boycott", the Bismarck celebration on April 1st 1933, the sports festival of the VfR Heilbronn on the Theresienwiese on April 9, 1933, the celebration on May 1, 1933, the provisional city government, the Heilbronn SA and the auxiliary police.
  • Numerous other media offerings, including a contemporary collection of materials by the City Administrator Karl Banzhaf and diary notes from Mayor Emil Beutinger as well as film interviews with Hellmut Riegraf and Walter Vielhauer , round off the presentation of the seizure of power.

"Everyday life in the Nazi state" is documented using the history of the residents of the house at Fleiner Straße 9:

  • The artist Robert Grässle had his studio in this building. Grässle's replica of the Annunciation group from the former Klarakloster is on display.
  • Further exhibits on the Fleiner Straße 9 building include stamps from the company Stempelmüller located there, as well as private photos of other residents. A media station provided explains the story of a wedding picture from 1934, which also shows residents of the house. The house at Fleiner Straße 9 is also an example of the change in the cityscape. Before the war it was still a half-timbered house with apartments and business premises, but the Merkur department store was built there in the post-war period . Fleiner Straße later became a pedestrian zone, and today the Galeria Kaufhof is built over the property .

The "terror against one's own people" found its climax in Heilbronn above all in the destruction of the Jewish community:

  • Various window fragments of the Heilbronn synagogue as well as Jewish cult objects are shown in wall showcases against the background image of the synagogue , which was blazing on the night of November 9th to 10th, 1938. In addition, the history of different people and families in Heilbronn is shown by clicking on different addresses on an interactive city map, whereupon the history and fate of the residents are described. Both victims such as the Jewish lawyer Siegfried Gumbel and perpetrators such as Heilbronn's Nazi mayor Heinrich Valid are presented . The facsimile questionnaires on the persecution of Jews in Heilbronn, which the journalist Hans Franke collected from the surviving dependents after the war, are also displayed .

Everyday life in the "city at war" is documented by various exhibits:

  • A showcase contains u. a. a people's gas mask around 1940, a folder with grocery purchase cards, a collecting can from the winter relief organization, Wehrmacht dinner utensils and sand.
  • The original small air raid shelter comes from the Ludwig Müller company premises in Heilbronn-Böckingen.
  • Duds as well as melted aluminum drinking bottles and charred files from the burned-out town hall stand for the destruction of the city in the air attack on December 4th , which is also documented by video material and a damage map.

The "Heilbronn heads" of that era presented in more detail with media stations are:

  • Emil Beutinger , Lord Mayor before and after the Nazi era. A silver cup that Beutinger received from the Peter Bruckmann & Söhne silverware factory on the occasion of the 1932 wine exchange is also on display.
  • Richard Drauz , NS district leader

Post-war period (1945–1989)

The prison camp PWE 10 in Heilbronn-Böckingen 1945/46

The post-war period is exemplified with the themes of life in ruins, the reconstruction and the transformation of Heilbronn into a small city.

A photo album of the US Army shows the living conditions of the population in the emergency shelters of the destroyed city. A cardigan from the family of the Böckingen pastor Theodor Zimmermann, which was made from home-spun sheep's wool and the wool of an old sweater, illustrates the shortage years of the post-war period. A hollow block made partly from crushed rubble by the Ensle company symbolizes the beginning of reconstruction. An album with photos by Siegfried Lechler juxtaposes views of various architectural monuments from 1940 and 1946, including the Friedenskirche , the Augustinuskirche , the old theater and the old town hall . Finally, a singer's sign from a prison camp reminds of the PWE 10 prison camp that was located on the Böckinger Schanz in the post-war period .

The reconstruction and the change to the big city is shown in a photo wall with showcases. Around 140 photos document scenes of the reconstruction and recent city history. Products from Heilbronn companies from the second half of the 20th century are shown in the embedded showcases, including candlesticks and silverware from the Peter Bruckmann & Söhne silverware factory, a cigar box from the Reiner cigar factory, commercial products from Gustav Lichdi AG , products from the Müller oil and fat factory, and tubes and transistors from the Heilbronn Telefunken factory. Further showcases contain the annually reissued wine glasses from the Heilbronn wine village . Finally, an NSU Quickly also links up with the neighboring town of Neckarsulm and the local vehicle industry.

The series of "Heilbronn heads" closes the media station with additional information on Paul Meyle , who in his 20-year term as Lord Mayor managed to rebuild the city and set the course for its development into a big city.

literature

  • Peter Wanner et al. a .: Heilbronn historically! Developing a city on the river . The exhibitions in the Otto Rettenmaier House / House of City History and in the Museum in the Deutschhof (=  small series of publications from the Heilbronn archive . Volume 62 ). Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Städtische Museen Heilbronn, Heilbronn 2013, ISBN 978-3-940646-11-8 (further series: Museo. 26. Further ISBN 978-3-936921-16-8 ).

Web links

Commons : House of City History  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Haus der Stadtgeschichte opened , Heilbronner Voice, July 20, 2012
  2. ↑ Haus der Stadtgeschichte is coming in 2012. A generous donation of millions makes it possible ( Memento of the original from March 26, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link has been inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. at heilbronn.de, July 14, 2010 (accessed April 7, 2012) @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.heilbronn.de
  3. ^ Helmut Schmolz and Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - history and life of a city . 2nd Edition. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1973, p. 26, No. 10 [ Carolingian figure of saints, around 800, Heilbronn. ]
  4. ↑ Note: The plan came about when the Neckargartach subjects sued the imperial city of Heilbronn in front of the Württemberg Lehenhof. For example because of pasture disputes, unjustified cutting down of the pastures in the fog at dawn in the Weidach before Neckargartach, because of moving milestones and finally because of unjustified levies (Betwein) from newly laid out vineyards in the “Fleischbühel” district. (Source: Helmut Schmolz and Hubert Weckbach: Heilbronn - Geschichte und Leben einer Stadt . 2nd edition. Anton H. Konrad Verlag, Weißenhorn 1973, p. 38, no. 37 [ plan of the Heilbron area from Böckingen to the boundary of Obereisesheim, 1597 ])
  5. ↑ Schmolz / Weckbach (1973) No. 419,420
  6. ↑ Biographical data from Heilbronn City Archives, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-12922, entry on Friedrich August Wolff in the HEUSS database
  7. ↑ Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 95 .
  8. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, contemporary history collection, signature E003-117, silver Lind / Linden in the HEUSS database
  9. ↑ according to the exhibition in the House of City History Heilbronn
  10. ↑ Christhard Schrenk , Hubert Weckbach , Susanne Schlösser: From Helibrunna to Heilbronn. A city history (=  publications of the archive of the city of Heilbronn . Volume 36 ). Theiss, Stuttgart 1998, ISBN 3-8062-1333-X , p. 102 .
  11. ^ Johann Albrecht Sperling. The tinkerer genius . In: In the sign of the Enlightenment , book accompanying the exhibition in the Haus der Stadtgeschichte, Heilbronn.
  12. ^ Entry on Johann Albrecht Sperling in the Heuss database.
  13. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/ende_reichsstadt/kaethchen/
  14. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, contemporary history collection, signature E003-368, silver fire in the HEUSS database
  15. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/ende_reichsstadt/ofenplatte/
  16. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/industrialisierung/heilbronn_1839/ Heilbronn from the north side
  17. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Zeitgeschichtliche Sammlung, signature E005-3003, entry for retrieving the individual motifs of the picture north view of the Wolff brothers in the HEUSS database
  18. ↑ http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?f=/_bin/img.php&imgf=/bilder/114389.jpg&
  19. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/revolution_1848/revolutionaere/
  20. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=208#/leben_klostergasse/
  21. ↑ Archive link ( Memento of the original from March 22, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de
  22. ↑ Short biography of Hermann Strauss , Heilbronn City Archives
  23. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Contemporary History Collection, signature E003-255, Silver Cluss in the HEUSS database
  24. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/revolution_1848/cluss/
  25. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/revolution_1848/pfau/
  26. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, Zeitgeschichtliche Sammlung, signature E002-731, entry on Adolf Amberg and the exhibition from 1897 in the HEUSS database
  27. ↑ http://heuss.stadtarchiv-heilbronn.de/index.php?f=/_bin/img.php&imgf=/bilder/20528.jpg&
  28. ↑ https://stadtarchiv.heilbronn.de/stadtgeschichte/geschichte-az/s/schapiro-jakob.html
  29. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/kulturstadt/kunststadt/
  30. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/machtergriffung/
  31. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/index.php?id=49#/terror
  32. ↑ Data from the Heilbronn city archive, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-12922, entry on “Red Album” in the HEUSS database
  33. ↑ http://www.stadtgeschichte-heilbronn.de/#/weimar/weimar0/beutinger/
  34. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn, contemporary history collection, signature E003-304, silver Bruckmann in the HEUSS database
  35. ↑ Data from the Heilbronn city archive, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-15218, entry on Siegfried Lechler in the HEUSS database
  36. ↑ Data from the Heilbronn city archive, contemporary history collection, signature ZS-15218, entry on Siegfried Lechler in the HEUSS database

Coordinates: 49 ° 8 '26.4 "  N , 9 ° 13' 5.3"  E