Caroline Heigelin

Caroline Scheffauer, b. Heigelin. Painting by Philipp Friedrich von Hetsch .

Carolina Johanna Christiana Scheffauer , b. Heigelin (born January 25, 1768 in Stuttgart , † January 26, 1808 ) was the wife of the sculptor Philipp Jakob Scheffauer and a patient of the Heilbronn doctor Eberhard Gmelin . The case of "Caroline H." was the subject of the first medical description of the double personality phenomenon in 1791 . It was speculated whether Caroline Heigelin was the archetype of Käthchen von Heilbronn .

Life

Carolina Johanna Christiana Scheffauer, b. Heigelin, was a daughter of the "goldworker" (goldsmith) and later valuer and court jeweler Johann Eberhard Heigelin, born. Stuttgart January 14, 1734, died there July 3, 1812, and from his wife (wedding Stuttgart May 27, 1764) Christiane Friederike, b. Stritter, b. Stuttgart September 21, 1745, died September 2, 1778. Eberhard Heigelin was a guild leader (head of the goldworking profession, goldworker chief), at least since March 1789, until 1793.

She got engaged to Philipp Jakob Scheffauer, geb. Stuttgart May 7, 1756, d. November 13, 1808, whom she married on January 25, 1791, after he had finished studying for several years in Paris and Rome and in 1790 had become a professor at the High Charles School . A portrait of Caroline Scheffauer by Philipp Friedrich Hetsch comes from the early part of their marriage (around 1793) and is in the possession of the Stuttgart City Gallery.

The apparently happy and carefree time of the young couple, to whom four children were born, ended with the death of Duke Carl Eugen (1793) and the closure of the High Charles School (1794). Scheffauer thus lost his position as a professor, and on the free art market the former classmate and student Johann Heinrich Dannecker , supported by his financially strong brother-in-law Rapp and admired by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe , developed into a strong competitor for the sculptor.

Scheffauer found a supporter in the Heilbronn Senator Carl Lang , who acquired two bas-reliefs for his Swabian Industrial Comptoir and made known the Stuttgart monument of the tenderness of the spouse and the love of the people , which Scheffauer had created on behalf of the Duchess Sophia Dorothea , in a commemorative publication. This font was written by Carl Rahl and given a dedication title by Nikolaus Thouret . It was published in Heilbronn in 1797. - It is not clear whether there was a private relationship between the Scheffauer couple and Carl Lang. There is a poem by Carl Lang that supports this assumption. Eberhard Gmelin may also have been a common topic of conversation, since Lang's sisters, like Caroline Scheffauer, had once been treated by this doctor and magnetizer. Another point of contact could have been the former Karl Schiller , who in 1793 spent four weeks with his wife in Heilbronn and consulted Gmelin. Schiller himself criticized Gmelin for his “inclination for the wonderful”, but in the spring of 1794 he prompted him to join the Natural Research Society of Jena (Societas physica Jenensis) founded in 1793 by the doctor and botanist August Johann Georg Karl Batsch as an honorary member; Gmelin had been elected a member of the Imperial Academy of Sciences Leopoldina since 1776 .

It was not until Friedrich II came to power in 1797 that Scheffauer received numerous and extensive orders again. Friedrich II had him decorate several private rooms in his castles in Stuttgart, Ludwigsburg and Monrepos . The Margrave of Baden ordered portraits of himself and his wife; the Crown Prince of Bavaria commissioned a bust of Johannes Kepler .

Caroline Scheffauer died of consumption in 1808 at the age of 40; her husband lived only about ten months longer and also fell victim to a lung disease. The couple's grave is in the Hoppenlaufriedhof in Stuttgart and is adorned with a tomb of Antonio Isopi . The doctor Eberhard Gmelin, who made Caroline Heigelin's case known, only survived his former patient by a good year and died in March 1809. His widow ordered the tombstone from Scheffauer's competitor, Dannecker.

The Caroline H.

In autumn 1789, the young Caroline Heigelin fell ill with a rheumatic fever, as a result of which her personality split. Every day she experienced a phase of illness in which she felt like a French woman who had fled the unrest of the French Revolution to Stuttgart and lived there in the “Römischer Kaiser” inn. During these phases, Caroline Scheffauer spoke only French, did not recognize her family and acquaintances and mourned her fate as a homeless emigrant; She also suffered from severe physical pain and asked for a doctor to relieve her. When she returned to her real self, she could no longer remember these attacks. However, troubled by her family's reports of the condition, she consented to a magnetic regimen .

Caroline Heigelin was introduced to the city doctor Eberhard Gmelin by her uncle Marcell Friedrich Heigelin, a ducal Württemberg court advisor who lived in Heilbronn. Two years after the treatment, which was followed by the Stuttgart doctor Johann Georg Hopfengärtner and his son and taken over and documented two days later, Gmelin published his medical report on her case in the first volume of his materials for anthropology . He did not name his patient there; however, the young woman can be clearly identified. The “French conditions” quickly subsided in the course of the treatment, the pain subsided and finally the patient could be described as cured.

Eberhard Gmelin published his medical and examination reports from 1787 to 1793, which in the age of Romanticism inspired not only naturalists, but also poets and writers such as Heinrich von Kleist , Jean Paul , E. T. A. Hoffmann and Justinus Kerner .

In his report on "Caroline H.", which is based in part on the notes of Hopfengärtner Juniors, Gmelin explained that the patient's actual personality seemed to be "disappearing" and instead "a new me and a new personality were established". He also commented on the causes: In the summer of 1789, the events in Paris in Stuttgart were the general topic of conversation and the subject of numerous writings that the young woman had certainly read. In addition, Caroline H. observed many refugees who had actually often taken up quarters at the inn mentioned and "often and persistently put themselves in the place of these unhappy French people", over which they forgot "their own deeply rooted suffering". She also missed her fiancé very much, who was still abroad at the time.

Johann Christian Reil , Rhapsodies about the application of the psychic curse method on mental disturbances

Gmelin tried to use the observations he made on his patients to fathom the mechanics of the human soul. He tried to clarify how the ego and self-awareness are formed and how personality arises. He was particularly interested in the effects physical changes have on the self and personality.

The case of Caroline Heigelin made him realize that a second layer of consciousness had formed here, to which the patient had no access in the normal state, but which emerged from the unconscious as a "new self" in times of crisis without closing the other self pay off. With this discovery, Gmelin is one of the pioneers in depth psychology and psychoanalysis .

Johann Christian Reil took up the Caroline Heigelin case several times, including in his book from 1803.

The Käthchen dispute

Once again, Caroline Heigelin came into the focus of science when Steven R. Huff identified the young woman as a possible archetype of Kleist's Käthchen. She is thus in competition with two other Gmelins patients, who are also seen as possible “Urkäthchen”.

Friedrich Dürr already established that the fabric contains the idea of ​​"magnetic sleep". He also explained how Kleist could have found out about these theories: The poet had attended a lecture in Dresden in 1808 in which Dr. Gotthilf Heinrich Schubert reported on this "magnetic sleep". In this lecture, Schubert relied on Gmelin's case studies, among other things.

Dürr's investigations initially revealed a strong similarity between the Lisette Kornacher case , which Gmelin had portrayed in his story of a magnetic sleep teacher , with Käthchen Kleist. However, Werner von Froreich contradicted this identification , who uncovered various discrepancies: According to his own autobiography, Schubert made the acquaintance of Kleist in the winter of 1807/08 and was then asked to give a lecture by the circle of friends around Otto August Rühle , Ernst von Pfuel , Adam Müller and Kleist as part of the series Views from the Night Side of Natural Science . This event, at which Schubert reported on Gmelin, was the thirteenth in the entire series of lectures. Before it took place, there was a falling out between Schubert and Adam Müller; Kleist was closely connected to the latter, both privately and commercially (through the publication of Phöbus ). Froreich therefore argued that Kleist probably never attended Schubert's lecture after the dispute between Müller and Schubert. On the other hand, however, there is nothing to read about this dispute in Schubert and the illustrator of Phöbus , Christian Ferdinand Hartmann , was still close friends with Kleist, Müller and Schubert even after the alleged rift, and in no way turned away from Schubert from. Furthermore, the lectures were held in the house of a Phöbus financier, Mr. Hans Georg von Carlowitz (1772-1840), which could also have motivated Kleist to visit them in any case. Froreich himself admits, however, that the question of whether Kleist attended the lecture or not is not really significant, since Schubert's autobiography shows that he also spoke extensively about mesmerism in private and that “especially for Kleist” “communications of this kind [had] so much attraction that he couldn't get enough of it ”.

In his lecture in Dresden, Schubert mainly dealt with the case of a young girl. There are a number of discrepancies between Schubert's account and Gmelin's report on Lisette Kornacher, for example with regard to age or sympathy or antipathy towards the patient's older sister. Christhard Schrenk therefore came to the conclusion that Schubert did not focus on the Gmelin patient Lisette Kornacher in his lecture, but on another young girl. In Gmelin's report of investigations into the magnetism and the simple way of treating it according to certain rules and handling it from the year 1793, another adolescent patient appears, the maid Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel (1774-1806), one at the time of Treatment A thirteen-year-old who was considered healthy at the time, but suffered from severe foot sweat. The daughter of the Heilbronn merchant Zobel was magnetized by Gmelin and showed a clear affection for her "wife sister" during the sessions, answering her questions as well as Käthchen von Heilbronn in the elder bush scene those of the Count vom Strahl and shared physical sensations with her, as long as she held her hand. But even Gmelin's report on the maiden Zobel does not agree in every detail with Schubert's account; so missing z. B. the observation reported by Schubert that the magnetized person felt the pain inflicted on another person with a needle. It is not possible to clarify which sources Schubert used for his lecture in general; apparently he also relied on oral communications. Schrenk comes to the conclusion that Schubert may not have read the Kornacher publication at all, but certainly read the publication on patient Zobel, while it could have been the other way around with Dürr.

He also points out, however, that Schubert's lecture on Charlotte Elisabethe Zobel and the discussions in Dresden in 1807/08 could not have been Kleist's only source of Mesmer's ideas. Mesmerism phenomena can already be discovered in the cave scene of the play The Schroffenstein family from 1803. Steven R. Huff speculated about their source without any clear result. Mesmer's experiments are likely to have been a popular topic of conversation among intellectuals around 1800. Michael Holtermann showed, for example, that Goethe was also interested in these phenomena, that Gotthilf Heinrich Schubert was also among his sources, and that Ottilie shares traits with Kleist's Käthchen in the affinities .

Schrenk thinks it is possible that Heinrich von Kleist was familiar with Gmelin's case descriptions not only through reports from Schubert or other people, but through his own reading. He argues e.g. E.g. that Käthchen von Heilbronn lives on the market square of this town like the Zobel family once did, whose address would be Kaiserstraße 30 today. This address was given by Gmelin, but not by Schubert in his lecture. The angel motif, possibly attributable to the design of the Heilbronn town hall clock, also appears frequently in Kleist, but does not play a role in Schubert.

Schrenk points out that the Heilbronn Senator Christoph Ludwig Schreiber often kept the protocol of Gmelin's experiments. Schreiber was a fellow student of Georg Christian Wedekind , with whom Kleist stayed for a long time in 1804, and from 1792 he was Carl Lang's brother-in-law, who protected Scheffauer, whose sisters had been treated by Gmelin and who was at the same time as Heinrich von Kleist in Dresden stopped. As a result, Schrenk speaks of a whole bunch of influences that may have had an impact on the development of the Käthchen, but tries to use the chronology to clarify: In the Urkäthchen, which already existed around 1800, according to Hans M. Wolff's studies from 1954, was the later first act not yet available; there were also missing z. B. the first meeting of Käthchen with the count in Heilbronn, the New Year's Eve dream of the count and the elderberry bush scene. Preliminary prints in the Phöbus in 1808 only contained excerpts from the first two acts, so that the elder bush scene from the fourth act could not be found here either. However, this may be due to the simple fact that the Phöbus was received in February 1809 and planned publications may no longer take place. The second act, however, was published in Phöbus 1808 - but without the New Year's Eve dream of the later version. From this one can conclude that the somnambulism topic was only incorporated into the drama after October 1808 and that Kleist was probably influenced directly by Schubert. Steven R. Huff's thesis that Schubert used the Kornacher medical history in his lecture, while Kleist used the case of Caroline Heigelin in Käthchen, Schrenk rejects on the basis of his chronological observations. These also refer to the appearance of the attribute "von Heilbronn", which was added to Käthchen at about the same time as the somnambulism scenes and was probably also triggered by contact with Schubert and the engagement with Heilbronn Gmelin. However, here too we can think of Carl Lang from Heilbronn, who was in contact with Scheffauer, and thus of the medical history of the sculptor's fiancé.

The attempts to find a historical model for Käthchen in the medical reports compete with the theory advocated by Helmut Sembdner , for example , that Heinrich von Kleist took the Käthchen material from a leaflet or a fairground print. However, Christhard Schrenk pointed out that the relevant leaflets had not yet been found.

In a letter to Marie von Kleist in the summer of 1811, Kleist himself described his Käthchen story as an “excellent invention”. "Invention" is not necessarily to be equated with "fiction", as the rhetoric expert Reinhard Breymayer refers to. Kleist was educated after the death of his father (1788) in the pension of the reformed preacher, catechist and pedagogue Samuel Heinrich Catel (1758-1838) and by him, who later, from 1793 until his retirement, was professor of the Greek language at the French grammar school in Berlin was probably familiar with classic rhetorical terminology. Kleist, who is known to have thought about talking, may have used “invention” here as a German equivalent to the Greek term “Heúresis” in Aristotle's rhetoric or to the term “Inventio” in Cicero's rhetoric. His letter does not rule out a connection to historical reality, for example for the personalities attested to in the Heilbronn scene. In addition to such a local historical location, there is the aforementioned claim that Kleist owes the Käthchen topic in essence to a leaflet bought at a fair. This claim comes from Hofrat Karl August Böttiger . Schrenk thinks it is "conceivable that the mention of the leaflet could be a subsequent mystification by Böttiger", since the court councilor as a whole is a rather unreliable source.

Freemason circle of Caroline Heigelin

Three uncles of Caroline Heigelin were Freemasons : Councilor Marcell Friedrich (Fritz) Heigelin (1735–1796) and his brother Carl Georg Heigelin, b. Stuttgart September 20, 1741, died March 15, 1803, trained baker, then worked in numerous municipal offices, 1802/1803 mayor, belonged to the lodge of the three Ceders in Stuttgart, which existed from 1774 to 1784. Two godparents of Caroline Heigelin were later Freemasons: Johann Daniel (von) Weng, b. 1734, died Stuttgart November 10, 1808, councilor of war in Stuttgart (2nd husband of her step-grandmother Sophia Magdalena <von> Weng, widowed Heigelin, née Leyhrer), and the aforementioned uncle CG Heigelin, then a councilor and police commissioner. Marcell Friedrich Heigelin "appointed several Freemason brothers to be godparents for his children". A brother of the two, Christian Hermann Heigelin, b. Stuttgart December 15, 1744, d. Naples March 15, 1820, merchant and banker in Naples, Danish consul, "joined the Freemason Lodge" Perfette Unione "(" Perfect Union Lodge "," which had been founded two years earlier) on September 30, 1770. " For complete agreement ") at". After their break with England (1774), however, he became a member of the "La Vittoria" lodge, which was for a time the Strict Observance that existed until 1782 . In 1782/1784 he was "Grand Trésorier" of the "Great Lodge of Naples and Sicily".

Since 1799, Christian Heigelin's collection of paintings has included the oil painting " Goethe in the Roman Campagna " (1787) by the Freemason Johann Heinrich Wilhelm Tischbein , which has been in the Städel Art Institute since 1887 (now known as the Städel Museum).

Jürg Arnold's reference to Christian Heigelin's meeting on August 6th and 30th, 1799 with Princess Luise von Anhalt-Dessau , b. Princess of Brandenburg-Schwedt (1750–1811), in the house of the Freemason Johann Georg Hartmann (1731–1811) and then on September 23rd in Bozen. It should be added here: The son Christian Ferdinand Hartmann was in contact with both the princess and later with Heinrich von Kleist.

The Freemason Philipp Friedrich Hetsch (1758–1838; ennobled 1805), a teacher of Christian Ferdinand Hartmann, wrote the above-mentioned portrait of Caroline Scheffauer, born in 1793. Heigelin, created, an oil painting on wood (71.5 cm × 56.5 cm; Location: Galerie der Stadt Stuttgart, inventory number 0-2696).

Relationship between Caroline Heigelin and Hölderlin's circle

A brother of Caroline Heigelin, who was born in Stuttgart, has been appearing as a merchant since 1798 at the latest in the very city that Friedrich Hölderlin calls the "navel of this earth", namely in Frankfurt am Main: Johann Christian Hermann Heigelin, geb. Stuttgart October 30, 1773, died 1833. His stay in the Main metropolis since March 1798 is documented. Perhaps he is referring to the "Heigelin" that Hölderlin mentions in June 1798 in a letter from Frankfurt am Main to his friend Christian Ludwig Neuffer : "Heigelin told me that you had told him to make my contribution to your Allmanac on his return trip take with me, and because I expected him every day, I postponed my answer for so long. " The commentator Adolf Beck also reckons with the possibility that the businessman's father, "the respected head of the gold workers' guild in Stuttgart", Johann Eberhard Heigelin, or the businessman's older brother Johann Friedrich ("Fritz") Heigelin was meant. This, born Stuttgart November 17 (16?) 1764, d. Geradstetten November 9, 1845, was a pastor in Herrenalb from 1800–1811, in Geradstetten in 1811, then a writer in Stuttgart, since 1820 with the title "Professor of the German Language". A sister of Caroline Heigelin married an important friend of Hölderlin's in Stuttgart on January 14, 1793, namely the Stuttgart cloth merchant Georg Christian Landauer, nee. Stuttgart December 11, 1769, died there July 6, 1845: Johanna Margaretha Luisa Landauer, b. Heigelin, * Stuttgart April 16, 1770, died October 17, 1819. The merchant Landauer ran a cloth business in Stuttgart, Gymnasiumstrasse 1 (corner of Königstrasse).

literature

• Jürg Arnold: Contributions to the history of the Otto family (in Ulm, Stuttgart and Heilbronn) and the Heigelin family (in Stuttgart) . (Jürg Arnold), Ostfildern 2012.
  • P. 156–205: "Ancestry of the Otto family from Ulm", here p. 176, no. 32 ("Frau Professor Scheffauer"), and p. 181, no. 34 ("Frau Scheffauer") as godmother.
  • Pp. 206–288: "Ancestry of the Heigelin family from Stuttgart-Feuerbach", here pp. 212–214, no. 4, on Caroline Scheffauer, geb. Heigelin; ibid., p. 234, No. 47 ("Professor Scheffauerin"), as godmother.
  • Pp. 289–307: "List of Figures";
    • here p. 289–293: "Pictures from the Otto family" (therein p. 290. 292 f.);
    • here p. 295–301: "Pictures from the Heigelin Family" (therein p. 297, no. 84 f., p. 299, no. 99, and p. 300, no. 106–108, about Caroline Scheffauer, geb. . Heigelin).
  • P. 329–448: Figure 1–182, here especially p. 336 f. 348, 350, 374-409 (therein p. 388 f., No. 84 f .; p. 400, no. 99; p. 403 f., No. 106-108 to Caroline Scheffauer, née Heigelin).
• Jürg Arnold: Christian Heigelin (1744-1820). Son of a baker from Stuttgart, banker in Naples, freemason, mediator of Italian culture . (Jürg Arnold), Ostfildern; Distribution: Buchhandlung Müller & Gräff, Stuttgart 2012, p. 42 f., Note 203, and p. 53 with note 256 on niece Caroline Scheffauer, b. Heigelin. See Figure 1–19 between pages 32 and 33; here No. 17 to Caroline's father, Johann Eberhard Heigelin, and No. 17 to her uncle Marcell Friedrich Heigelin.
• Huff, Steven R .: Heinrich von Kleist and Eberhard Gmelin. New considerations. In: Euphorion. Zeitschrift für Literaturgeschichte 86 (1992), pp. 221-239. [Reference to Gmelin's patient "Caroline H.", who was later identified as Caroline Heigelin by the Heilbronn City Archives.]

References and comments

1. ^ Monument to the tenderness of the spouse and the love of the people
2. ^ Friedrich Schiller on August 27, 1793 in a letter to Körner
3. ↑ August Wintterlin:  Scheffauer, Philipp Jacob von . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 30, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1890, pp. 672-676.
4. ↑ Kepler bust ( Memento from October 10, 2007 in the Internet Archive )
5. ^ Marcell (also: Marzell) Friedrich ("Fritz") Heigelin, b. Stuttgart November 19, 1735, d. Heilbronn December 26, 1796. From 1762-1762 he was provisions commissioner for the troops of the Swabian district on the battlefield in Saxony and Bohemia, district provisions commissioner in Stuttgart (1764). From 1767 he was the nurse of the Heilbronn and Untereisesheim nurses of the Wuerttemberg former convent Lichtenstern and lived in the Lichtensteinischer Hof (also "Württemberger Hof") in Heilbronn. From there he went together with Dr. Eberhard Gmelin on November 2, 1789 to the patient Caroline Heigelin in Stuttgart. Cf. Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), pp. 46–51, No. 18, and p. 209, No. 2, on MF Heigelin; Pp. 216–219, nos. 14–21, on his children and their godparents.
6. ^ Quotations based on the representation of the Heilbronn City Archives .
7. ^ Stadtarchiv Heilbronn with reference to Steven R. Huff: Heinrich von Kleist and Eberhard Gmelin. New considerations . In: Euphorion. Zeitschrift für Literaturgeschichte 86 (1992), pp. 221-239
8. ^ According to Schrenk in: Werner von Froreich: Eberhard Gmelin - between Kerner and Kleist . In: Nachrichtenblatt für die Stadt Weinsberg , January 19, 1973, January 26, 1973 and February 9, 1973. See also Werner von Froreich: Eberhard Gmelin - a great doctor. In: Schwaben and Franken 20 (1974), 5, pp. 1–2.
9. ↑ quoted from Schrenk: Das Käthchen von Heilbronn ( Memento from February 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
10. ↑ This contradicts a work in Gunhild Oberzaucher-Schüller u. a. (Ed.): Prima la danza! Festschrift Sibylle Dahm . Königshausen & Neumann, 2004, ISBN 978-3-8260-2771-0 , p. 211, with the indication that Käthchen's strange attachment to Strahl, which is already present in the Phöbus print, can hardly be explained.
11. ↑ ^{a b} Christhard Schrenk: Das Käthchen von Heilbronn ( Memento from February 16, 2009 in the Internet Archive )
12. ↑ Böttiger
13. ↑ Cf. Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), p. 58, 212, 216 u. ö.
14. ↑ Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), p. 48.
15. ↑ Jürg Arnold: Christian Heigelin (2012), p. 14
16. ↑ Cf. Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), pp. 14–19: "Der Freemaurer"; also pp. 27–32 (on Heigelin's Masonic Garden). 37, 50, 59, 73 f. Cf. ibid., P. 59: "Heigelin's villa was a center of Masonic life."
17. ↑ On the provenance cf. Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), p. 32–36: "Die Gemäldesammlung", here p. 35 f.
18. ↑ See Jürg Arnold: Contributions , p. 74
19. ↑ On the literary significance of the Hartmann family and Princess Luise von Anhalt-Dessau cf. Reinhard Breymayer: Freemasons at the gates of the Tübingen monastery: Masonic influence on Hölderlin? In: Tubingensia. Impulses for the city and university history. Festschrift for Wilfried Setzler on his 65th birthday . Edited by Sönke Lorenz and Volker Schäfer. ( Tübinger Baussteine ​​zur Landesgeschichte , 10), Jan Thorbecke, Ostfildern 2008, pp. 355–395. Here, in a network analysis, the significance of the lodge to the three cedars for literary life during its existence (1774-1784) and also during the period of the ban (1784-1834) is shown due to its after-effects. - The author would now like to point out that Christian Ferdinand Hartmann's patroness Princess Luise von Anhalt-Dessau, according to her diary, dealt with animal magnetism, especially with Eberhard Gmelin. Heinrich von Kleist's friend Hartmann, for his part, had an important connection to Heilbronn: through his sister Johanna Henriette Friederike Mayer, born there, who lived there from 1797-1803 and from November 1809 until her death . Hartmann (1762-1820), and their daughter Juliane Auguste Mayer, b. February 17, 1789, d. July 18, 1843, who was married to Johann Clemens Bruckmann (1768–1835), who was born in Heilbronn and who served there as town school from 1822–1835.
20. ↑ Cf. Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), p. 297, no. 84. - Cf. also ibid., P. 297, no. 80 a portrait of her future husband Philipp Jakob Scheffauer made by Hetsch around 1783/1784 Oil painting on canvas (80 cm x 64 cm) privately owned. For further portraits of members of the Heigelin family made by Hetsch see ibid., P. 296, no. 77 f .; P. 298, No. 92; P. 299, No. 95.
21. ↑ Hölderlin: Complete Works, Stuttgart Edition , Vol. 6, 1, p. 272, lines 6-9. See Adolf Beck on this. In: Hölderlin: Complete Works, Stuttgart Edition , Vol. 6, 2, p. 877, lines 7-10.
22. ↑ See the references to the Heigelin - Landauer - Hölderlin relationship in Reinhard Breymayer: Between Princess Antonia of Württemberg and Kleist's Käthchen von Heilbronn. News on the magnetic and tension fields of Prelate Friedrich Christoph Oetinger . Heck, Dußlingen (2010), p. 84; also Jürg Arnold: Contributions (2012), p. 182 and p. 214–216 with notes 32-43; see. on Hölderlin also p. 170.
23. ↑ See Breymayer, ibid., P. 84; Jürg Arnold: Articles , pp. 214-216.