Evil Halser
Böse Halser is a term used in contemporary documents for the late medieval pennies and halves of the Landgrave von Leuchtenberg from the Hals mint near Passau, which were minted during the Schinderlinge period (1457–1460) .
Coin history
The pennies of the Schinderling era were mainly minted in southern Germany , especially in Austria and Bavaria , with almost no silver . The period of the fluff is a time of inflation , which under the pressure of inheritance disputes and lack of money in the hereditary lands of Emperor Frederick III. Began in 1457. Contemporaries put the period on a par with the plague and war .
The as Böse Halser designated Schinderlinge were under the Leuchtenberg Landgrave Johann III. († 1458) defeated as owner of the county of Hals . The design was similar to the coins of the dukes of Austria and Bavaria . The resemblance to the Austrian pfennigs was particularly great because the correspondence of the coat of arms, the shield , led to the deception about the origin. The pennies from Hals could thus be mixed in with the Austrians without being recognized. The Halser pfennigs were too insignificant to be recognized as such in Austria or Bavaria. They were just as bad as the Austrian so-called black pennies, which for a long time undermined trust in the Austrian silver currency . The high risk of confusion that was undoubtedly intended, combined with the increasing deterioration of coins , led to the ban on landgrave pennies in Austria and Bavaria in the middle of the 15th century.
The last Böse Halser were after the death of Landgrave Johann III. coined by his successor Friedrich V in 1459 or 1460. From 1460 , the currency was stabilized with five solder pennies showing the city of Vienna's cross sign. The fluff, including the Halser Pfennige, were exchanged at a ratio of 6: 1. However, this only applied to those pennies that were not only made of copper or copper-tin alloy.
In 1529 Johannes Aventinus wrote to exchange ,
"That you should call six fledglings for an old penny / the poor man lost [...] all around six pfennigs five pfennigs / if he was full."
Six pennies, which are not only made of a copper-tin alloy, should be exchanged for one pfennig in the fineness , just as they did before the pennies, i.e. for one old penny. However, mostly new five-flute pfennigs were minted for exchange.
The old pennies before the Schinderling era were apparently still in abundance:
"The old Müntz was bought up / put away by the rich and kept / so the poor common man hetted no other Müntz than the rogue / which everybody liked to sell / nobody wanted to keep [...] [have to accept]."
The halves (weight 0.10 to 0.23 grams) were probably not minted before.
The Hals mint, in which the so-called Böse Halser were minted, was located in Hals Castle, which can still be seen on a rocky ridge in the Hals district of Passau as the ruins of the castle .
Coin description
The depicted Böse Halser from the Schinderling period (1457–1460) are pennies minted on one side by the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg from the Hals mint.
The silver content of the alloy is about 2 ⁄ 1000 to 7 ⁄ 1000 . The coin metal consists of half of copper and half of tin . Helmut Friedl writes about the " fineness ": "The traces of silver got into the alloy with the copper."
The weight of the coin shown above is 0.4 grams, the diameter about 15 millimeters and the thickness 0.3 millimeters. The Halser Pfennig shows the shield of the Landgraves von Leuchtenberg, which is surrounded by letters. For some pieces they were u. a. also interpreted as "h - a - l - s". Many pfennigs have a binding shield and letters in the three passport . Due to the massive embossing, the stamps vary in the design of the letters and the binding shield. Nevertheless, they are rarely found today, as they are rarely found in coin finds due to their deterioration in value and were rarely used for treasure trove.
See also
Individual evidence
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The great coin lexicon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 56: Böse Halser
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The large coin lexicon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 422
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: Das große Münzlexikon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 423
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The great coin lexicon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 56: d. 1459
- ^ Friedrich von Schrötter , N. Bauer, K. Regling, A. Suhle, R. Vasmer , J. Wilcke: Dictionary der Münzkunde , Berlin 1970 (reprint of the original edition), p. 80: Böse Halser
- ^ Helmut Friedl: The coins of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and Counts of Hals , Regenstauf 2003, p. 15
- ↑ Helmut Friedl: The coins of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and Counts von Hals , Regenstauf 2003, p. 12
- ↑ Heinz Fengler, Gerd Gierow, Willy Unger: transpress-Lexikon Numismatik , Berlin 1976, p. 343
- ^ Helmut Friedl: The coins of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and Counts of Hals , Regenstauf 2003, p. 15: Ban
- ↑ Münzkabinett in the Stadtmuseum Ingolstadt: On the coin disreputation of the evil Halser in Bavaria
- ^ Association for regional studies of Lower Austria : Arnold Luschin v. Ebengreuth: The coinage in Austria above and below the Enns in the late Middle Ages , 1914–1917, p. 402
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The large coin dictionary from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 423: Exchange
- ↑ Johannes Aventinus: Des Hochgelerten well-known Beyerischen… , Frankfurt am Main 1529. In it: Von der Müntz and Schinderling: Exchange 6: 1
- ↑ Johannes Aventinus: Des Hochgelerten well-known Beyerischen… , Frankfurt am Main 1529. In it: From the Müntz and Schinderling
- ^ Helmut Friedl: The coins of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and Counts of Hals , Regenstauf 2003, p. 15: Halblinge
- ↑ stadtfuchs-passau The evil Halser were coined in the castle Hals.
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The large coin dictionary from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 56: Alloy
- ^ Helmut Friedl: The coins of the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and Counts of Hals , Regenstauf 2003, p. 15: Roman variants
- ↑ Helmut Kahnt: The great coin lexicon from A to Z , Regenstauf 2005, p. 423: Are rare today.