Bürgerbräukeller

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NSDAP meeting in the Bürgerbräukeller, around 1923
Poster: "Re-establishment" of the NSDAP with Hitler as the speaker, February 27, 1925, one day after the re-establishment of the party
The Bürgerbräukeller after the first clean-up on November 9, 1939
Memorial plaque for Georg Elser in the Bürgerbräukeller

The Bürgerbräukeller was an inn cellar opened in Munich in 1885 . It was a large bar belonging to the public limited company Bürgerliches Brauhaus München or, after a merger, Löwenbräu AG. The building was on Rosenheimer Strasse in the Haidhausen district behind the Gasteig cultural center . Today, the Hilton Munich City Hotel from Hilton Worldwide and the GEMA headquarters , where a plaque commemorates Georg Elser , is located on the property .

The restaurant offered space for 1,830 people and was a popular location for political events during the Weimar Republic . At that time, the Bürgerbräukeller was owned by the Löwenbrauerei under the landlord Korbinian Reindl.

On November 8, 1923, the Bavarian State Commissioner General Gustav von Kahr held a major event in the completely overcrowded hall, which was stormed by Adolf Hitler , Erich Ludendorff , Hermann Göring and other National Socialists. From here the march to the Feldherrnhalle - the failed Hitler putsch - took place in the early morning of November 9, 1923 . This is therefore also called the “Bürgerbräu Putsch” and is known in the English-speaking world as the Beer Hall Putsch or in French as the Putsch de la Brasserie .

On February 27, 1925, the NSDAP , which was banned as a result of the attempted coup, was re-established here , with Hitler giving a militant speech in which he announced the ruthless action against all enemies of the NSDAP. On April 25, 1928, Reich Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann came here to give a speech in the Reichstag election campaign as the DVP's top candidate . He was shouted down by NSDAP supporters under the leadership of Hermann Esser for an hour and a half until the police closed the meeting.

From 1933, always on November 8th, Hitler gave a speech in the Bürgerbräukeller in front of participants in the coup attempt. On November 8, 1939, he barely escaped an assassination attempt by Georg Elser , who had installed a time bomb in the pillar behind the lectern. He had set the detonator for 9:20 pm. That evening, Hitler entered the hall with heads of the NSDAP and ten minutes later began to give his speech. But unlike in previous years, Hitler finished his speech at 9:00 p.m. and left the hall with his staff seven minutes later in the direction of the main train station , where a special train to Berlin was supposed to leave at 10:00 p.m. When the bomb exploded at 9:20 pm, seven NSDAP members and a waitress died; more than 60 people were injured.

Hitler examined the badly damaged cellar a little later. From 1940, Hitler's annual appearance was relocated to the Löwenbräukeller on Stiglmaierplatz .

The Bürgerbräukeller was used as a food store until the end of the war in 1945, after which it was used as a canteen for the US Army. In 1958 it was reopened as a large restaurant and event location. The entire complex was demolished in 1979 in favor of new buildings, just like the buildings of the Münchner-Kindl-Keller opposite and a few years later the Hofbräu brewery a few hundred meters away .

literature

Web links

Commons : Bürgerbräukeller  - collection of pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Historical Lexicon of Bavaria - Bürgerbräukeller, Munich . georg-elser.de. Retrieved April 11, 2010.
  2. ↑ Peter Koblank: The dead and injured of the Bürgerbräuattentat , online edition Mythos Elser 2011
  3. ↑ Peter Koblank: If the Elser assassination had been successful , online edition Mythos Elser 2009
  4. ↑ SPIEGEL TIME HISTORY: 13 Minutes Too Late - Who Was the Hitler Assassin Johann Georg Elser? His son searches for traces of the man who almost changed world history. on SPIEGEL.de and in the magazine DER SPIEGEL 46/1996
  5. ^ The assassination attempt of November 8, 1939 - I wanted to prevent the war; Georg Elser and the assassination attempt on November 8, 1939 on www.georg-elser.de

Coordinates: 48 ° 7 ′ 48 ″  N , 11 ° 35 ′ 33 ″  E