BDŽ series 46 (1931)
| BDŽ series 46 (until 1936: series 4,500) |
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 Factory photo of Schwartzkopff locomotives
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| Numbering: | BDŽ 46.01 - 46.12 (until 1936 4.501 - 4.512), 46.13 - 46.20 |
| Number: | 20th |
| Manufacturer: |
Cegielski , Poznań BMAG , Berlin |
| Year of construction (s): | 1931, 1943 |
| Retirement: | until 1975 |
| Axis formula : | 1'F2 'h2t (type 1931) 1'F2' h3t (type 1943) |
| Gauge : | 1435 mm ( standard gauge ) |
| Length over buffers: | 18,205 / 18,155 mm |
| Height: | 4280/4345 mm |
| Fixed wheelbase: | 4650 mm |
| Total wheelbase: | 14,500 / 14,450 mm |
| Service mass: | 149.1 / 155.8 t |
| Friction mass: | 101.7 / 108.0 t |
| Top speed: | 65 km / h |
| Driving wheel diameter: | 1340 mm |
| Impeller diameter front: | 850 mm |
| Rear wheel diameter: | 850 mm |
| Control type : | Heusinger |
| Number of cylinders: | 2/3 |
| Cylinder diameter: | 700/500 mm |
| Piston stroke: | 700/650 mm |
| Boiler overpressure: | 16 bar |
| Grate area: | 4.87 m² |
| Superheater area : | 83.9 / 81.9 m² |
| Evaporation heating surface: | 224.1 m² |
| Water supply: | 18 m³ |
| Fuel supply: | 10 t |
| Brake: | Handbrake , one-way Westinghouse compressed air brake |
The vehicles of the BDŽ-Series 46 were freight train - tank locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways BDŽ with the wheel arrangement 1'F2 '. The BDŽ procured a total of 20 locomotives of this series in two series in 1931 and 1943, which is the strongest Bulgarian steam locomotive series.
history
For the heavy coal trains from the most important Bulgarian coal mining area near Pernik to Sofia , the BDŽ had procured ten heavy, non-rotating six- couplers of the 4,000 series, the later BDŽ 45 series, from Hanomag in 1922, designed as two-cylinder compound machines . The increasing expansion of the network in mountainous Bulgaria and the increasing demand soon led to a further need for heavy freight locomotives.
At the end of the 1920s, the BDŽ, inspired by the standard steam locomotives of the Deutsche Reichsbahn , decided in future to base their procurement on their building principles. Instead of re-purchasing the Series 4000, the BD® therefore ordered twelve locomotives of the new Series 4.500 with the 1'F2 'h2t wheel arrangement with two-cylinder engines and simple steam expansion from the Polish company Cegielski . The locomotives with the serial numbers 201 to 212 were delivered in 1931. The boiler was structurally identical to the boilers of the BD® series 01 , 02 and 10 , later it was also used for series 03 and 11 with minimal changes . It was given a shaking grate with a comparatively large grate area of 4.87 m² in order to do justice to the low calorific value and high slag content of the Perniker coal. The shaking grate was operated with steam to relieve the heater . A fresh air system was also installed in the driver's cab for the relatively long tunnel sections between Pernik and Sofia. The locomotives' required arching ability was achieved with the use of laterally movable coupling axles to Gölsdorf and the waiver of flanges on the third and fourth coupling wheel sets . The front running axle was combined with the first coupling axle in a Krauss-Helmholtz steering frame . Despite its length, the locomotive was able to pass through a radius of 180 m. Like the other standard series of the BDŽ, the 46 received a bar frame . In 1936, the BDŽ changed its numbering system, and the 4,500 series became the 46 series.
In 1939, the BDŽ finally established its own standard locomotive program. The 46 series should therefore continue to be procured, mainly for the heavy freight trains on the mountainous route network of the BDŽ. A first series was ordered in eight copies from BMAG, formerly L. Schwartzkopff in Berlin , whereby the BDŽ ordered the locomotives with three cylinders "without any particular reason". In comparable cases, such as the series 43 , 44 or 84 of the Deutsche Reichsbahn, the transition to the actually more maintenance-intensive and more expensive triple design was triggered by engine damage occurring in the twin designs and their poorer running smoothness. It can also be assumed that the good results of the 02 series, which was procured from 1936 as the first three-cylinder locomotive, influenced this decision.
The second series of the 46 series received a two-axle drive, with the inner cylinder acting on the second and the outer cylinder on the third coupling axle. Other differences to the first series from 1931 were shorter side water tanks and a rear bogie with an outer frame. In 1943 the locomotives with the serial numbers 11.794 to 11.801 were delivered. One of the last locomotives in Germany was thoroughly examined by the Grunewald Locomotive Testing Office before delivery . It turned out that it fulfilled the planned performance program, which provided for the transportation of 420 t coal trains over a gradient of 2.5% at at least 20 km / h, without any problems. The class 46 locomotives were the largest tank locomotives of the BDŽ and their most powerful steam locomotive series, they were also among the largest single-frame tank locomotives in the world.
All locomotives survived the Second World War and, according to their purpose, were mainly used for heavy freight trains. The 1,200-ton coal trains from Pernik to Sofia were partly hauled by three of these heavy locomotives, in addition to the pulling and tensioning locomotive at the top with a pushing locomotive at the end of the train. All of the locomotives were still in service in 1965, but by 1969 numerous locomotives had been parked cold. The last class 46 locomotives were retired in 1975.
Two locomotives, the 46.03 and the 46.13, have been preserved as a museum. The 46.03 has been refurbished in the Sofia repair shop since March 2014 and has been in use again since 2015.
literature
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Web links
- Photo of the 46 series, first series
- Prototype of the 46 series in 1931 at the Joachim Schmidt Railway Foundation
Individual evidence
- ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 58
- ↑ a b c d Heribert Schröpfer: Forgotten giants: The 1'F2 'tank locomotives, class 46, of the Bulgarian State Railways , in: Lok-Magazin 69, December 1974, Franckh'sche Verlagshandlung Stuttgart, pp. 482-486
- ↑ Dimiter Dejanow: The locomotives of the Bulgarian State Railways . Slezak, Vienna 1990, p. 64
- ↑ Alfred Gottwaldt: Wagner's standard locomotives. The steam locomotives of the Reichsbahn and their creators . EK-Verlag, Freiburg 2012, ISBN 978-3-88255-738-1 , p. 59
- ↑ Reiner Preuß: The Müglitztalbahn , Transpress, Berlin 1985, p. 107
- ^ AE Durrant: The Steam Locomotives of Eastern Europe , David & Charles, Newton Abbot, ISBN 0-7153-4077-8 , p. 67
- ↑ Harald Navé: Steam Locomotives in Central and Eastern Europe , Franckhsche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Stuttgart 1977, ISBN 3-440-04368-1 , p. 120
- ^ Alfons Stettner: Museum steam locomotives in Bulgaria: In the gorges of the Balkans. in: Lok-Magazin 09/2014, pp. 72–77
- ↑ Video: 46.03 with special train in Sofia on October 18, 2015