Pernik
| Pernik (Перник) | |||
|
|||
| Basic data | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| State : |
 Bulgaria
|
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| Oblast : | Pernik | ||
| Residents : | 74,110 (December 31, 2016) | ||
| Area : | 72.3 km² | ||
| Population density | 1,025 inhabitants / km² | ||
| Coordinates : | 42 ° 36 ' N , 23 ° 2' E | ||
| Height : | 756 m | ||
| Postal code : | 2300 | ||
| Telephone code : | (+359) 076 | ||
| License plate : | PK | ||
| administration | |||
| Mayor : | Ivan Ognyanov Ivanov | ||
| Website : | pernik.bg | ||
Pernik [ ˈpɛrnik ] ( Bulgarian Перник , 1949–1962 Dimitrowo / Димитрово) is a town in western Bulgaria , 30 km southwest of Sofia . Pernik is the industrial and cultural center of the Pernik municipality and Pernik Oblast .
geography
The city is located in the Struma Valley and is surrounded by mountains in a basin. To the south lies Golo Bardo Mountains (Голо бърдо), in the north the Lyulin Mountains , to the east the domes of the Vitosha -Gebirges and to the west the hilly area Graowo . After Sofia, Pernik is the second largest city in southwestern Bulgaria.
The closest cities are Sofia (30 km to the northeast), Kyustendil (59 km to the southwest) and Blagoevgrad (70 km to the south).
At Pernik there are the largest deposits of brown coal in Bulgaria. The mining of coal is increasingly no longer worthwhile.
The European traffic corridor 4, the European route 79 and a railway line that connects Central Europe with Greece runs through Pernik . Railway connections exist to Sofia , Blagoevgrad, Kulata and Kyustendil.
One of the oldest trade routes in the Balkans lies in the region: Sofia - Thessaloniki - Skopje .
history
As early as the 6th millennium there were settlements from the early Neolithic in Pernik , and in the 3rd millennium there were settlements from the Early Bronze Age. In the 5th / 4th Century BC A strong Thracian fortress existed on the heights west of the city , which was destroyed by the Romans in the 1st century AD . Rebuilt by the Bulgarians, it was 1004 - 1016 a stronghold of Feudalherrschers Krakra Pernischki against the Byzantine Emperor Basil II.
The insignificant until the 19th century settlement developed only since 1891 by the coal mining for today's modern mining and industrial city with a focus on coal and energy, metallurgy and mechanical engineering.
The historical museum, the ancient and medieval fortress Krakra (viewpoint) and the Thracian cult site (2nd / 4th century AD) are all worth seeing .
An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 shook Pernik on May 22, 2012. One of the cooling towers of the Republika thermal power station (see picture on the right) collapsed .
Town twinning
Pernik lists thirteen twin cities :
| city | country | since | Type |
|---|---|---|---|
| Balashikha |
 Russia
|
occupied | |
| Cardiff |
 Wales, UK
|
1940 | unoccupied |
| Elektrostal |
Russia
|
2004 | occupied |
| Huai'an |
 People's Republic of China
|
2011 | occupied |
| Kavadarci |
 North Macedonia
|
occupied | |
| Las Vegas |
 Nevada, USA
|
2005 | unoccupied |
| Lublin |
 Poland
|
2002 | occupied |
| Luhansk |
 Ukraine
|
1948 | occupied |
| Magdeburg |
 Germany
|
2001 | unoccupied |
| Nilüfer, Bursa |
 Turkey
|
occupied | |
| Orosei |
 Italy
|
occupied | |
| Orsha |
 Belarus
|
2008 | occupied |
| Ovary |
 Portugal
|
1998 | occupied |
| Pantelej, Niš |
 Serbia
|
2007 | occupied |
| Pardubice |
 Czech Republic
|
2008 | occupied |
| Rožaje |
 Montenegro
|
occupied | |
| Sacramento |
California, USA
|
2007 | unoccupied |
| Skopje |
North Macedonia
|
1999 | unoccupied |
literature
- Michail Čochadziev: The excavations of the Neolithic settlement in Pernik In: News from Lower Saxony's Prehistory Vol. 52/1983 Lax Hildesheim
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Lignite in Europe. (PDF) September 2001, accessed on August 13, 2019 .
- ^ Ivan Ekimow: The Bulgarian state coal mines of Pernik . In: World Economic Archive . tape 26 , 1927, ISSN 0043-2636 , pp. 325-331 , JSTOR : 40416543 .
- ^ Bernhard Pötter: Black mud in Bela Woda - LMd. Retrieved August 13, 2019 .
- ↑ Побратимени градове - Община Перник . Retrieved December 30, 2014.