Israel ben Eliezer

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Autograph

Rabbi Israel ben Elieser (ישראל בן אליעזר), called Baal Schem Tov (בעל שם טוב, 'owner of the good name', abbreviated Besht ; born around 1700 in Okop near Kamieniec-Podolski , Poland-Lithuania ; died on May 22, 1760 in Międzyborz (Yiddish מעזביזש Mezbizh ), Podolia Voivodeship , Poland-Lithuania) is considered the legendary founder of the Hasidic movement in Judaism .

Life

His exact date of birth is unknown. Many details of his biography are legendary . Around 1735 he returned to Podolia and began to preach a simple and unsophisticated kind of religious fundamentalism. It seems certain that he was married twice, had a son and a daughter with his second wife and that he died in May 1760, on the second day of the Shavuot festival , in the Międzyborz shtetl in Podolia. His daughter Odel (also known as Hodel or Adel) had two sons who both also became rabbis: Rabbi Moshe Chajim Efraim von Sedilkow and Rabbi Baruch von Tulczyn and Międzyborz.

literature

  • Eli Friedman: The Great Mission. The Life and Story of Rabbi Yisrael Baal Shem Tov. Translated by Elchonon Lesches, New York 2004, ISBN 978-0-8266068-1-5 .
  • Karl Erich Grözinger : Jewish Thought, Theology-Philosophy-Mysticism, Vol. 2, From Medieval Kabbalah to Hasidism. Frankfurt am Main 2005.
  • Martin Buber : Des Baal-Schem-Tow instruction in dealing with God. Rabbi Israel Ben Eliezer called Baal-Schem-Tov, that is a master of a good name, instruction from the fragments put together by Martin Buber. With afterword and commentary ed. by Lothar Stiehm. Schneider, Heidelberg 1981, ISBN 3-7953-0185-8 .
  • Isaac Bashevis Singer : The Realms of Heaven: A Story of the Baalschem Tov. dtv, Munich 2004, ISBN 3-423-25220-0 .
  • Karl Erich Grözinger (ed.): The stories of the Ba'al Schem Tov. Harrassowitz, Wiesbaden undated, ISBN 3-447-03867-5 .

Web links

Commons : Israel ben Elieser  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. Kurt Schubert : Jüdische Geschichte , CH Beck, 7th edition, Munich, 2012, pp. 87 and 88