Backhoe loader
The TLB (also backhoe called) is a construction machine , the primarily in the earthwork is used. This multi-purpose device replaces the wheel loader with its loading shovel at the front and the hydraulic excavator with the boom at the rear . Both devices are controlled from the driver's cab. Although the device can be used universally, it is less powerful than the two individual devices.
The construction machine, driven by a diesel engine, takes on light earthworks or lifting equipment on smaller construction sites . It should be noted that this device is more popular in countries such as Great Britain or the United States than in Germany, for example.
history
The backhoe loader originally developed from the tractor used in agriculture . The first backhoe loaders consisted of a basic tractor unit with a loading shovel (also called a front loader ) to which a simple backhoe unit was attached. The rear wheels were larger and more coarsely profiled than the front wheels. At that time, however, there were neither hydraulic supports nor comfortable driver's cabs with electronic controls on the device, and performance was severely limited. Only with the development of powerful diesel engines and suitable drive systems did the backhoe loader's performance increase. These very simple devices have been developed over time into compact multi-purpose devices that replace a number of individual devices on the construction site. The first backhoe loader was built by Joseph Cyril Bamford (JCB) in 1953 . He was called a Major Loader. In 1961 the JCB 3 was presented. The various new models developed over the past 40 years were based on this.
Components
The backhoe loader essentially consists of five components:
- Basic device with wheel drive
- Front attachment (loading shovel)
- Backhoe boom with attachment (grapple)
- Hydraulic support
- Driver's cab
Parameters
The power spectrum of the backhoe loader ranges between 50 and 90 kW, depending on the model, with an operating weight between 7.0 and 12.0 t. The loading shovel at the front holds between 0.8 and 1.5 m³, the backhoe at the rear can hold up to 0.5 m³. The tipping height varies from 2.70 to 2.80 m. The tail boom has a reach of up to 6.5 m.
Technology and equipment
A backhoe loader can be powered either hydrodynamically or hydrostatically . A torque converter and a powershift transmission are used in the hydrodynamic drive . To improve traction, the devices have all-wheel drive and reach a top speed of up to 20 km / h. In devices with a rigid frame, the front axle serves as a steering unit and is pivoted. Backhoe loaders with articulated or all-wheel steering represent a special form . The rear axle is equipped with a differential lock.
A number of attachments are available for the backhoe loader . A loading shovel is fitted as standard at the front and a conventional backhoe bucket or grab at the rear. To enable these attachments to be changed quickly, quick-change devices can be provided which enable the attachments to be changed from the driver's cab. The boom can slide at the rear by means of a sliding carriage so that the backhoe device can be shifted sideways.
There are also hydraulic supports at the rear, which can be extended to increase stability when the backhoe is in operation.
use
The backhoe loader is suitable for smaller construction sites where the use of several construction machines would be uneconomical. It is therefore used for small sewer and pipeline construction work. The backhoe loader can also be used for transporting soil and bulk materials. The machine is rarely used as a hoist.
Manufacturer
In Germany only a few manufacturers develop and produce backhoe loaders. So the companies Schaeff , which is now part of Terex , and Kramer were able to make a name for themselves in this context. In other countries such as the United States or China, on the other hand, there are a large number of manufacturers, such as Caterpillar , Volvo , Massey Ferguson and JCB as well as Komatsu and Case .
See also
- List of construction machinery and construction equipment
- List of construction machinery manufacturers
Norms and standards
- DIN EN 474-1 - earth-moving machines
- Accident prevention regulations - vehicles
- BGR - operation of work equipment
- BGR 500 2.12 - excavators, loaders, graders, scrapers and special machines for earthworks (earthmoving machines)
Web links
Individual evidence
- ^ Willi Dolder: 1000 excavators and other construction machines . NGV-Verlag, Cologne 2006, ISBN 978-3-625-10374-5 , p. 31 .
- ↑ Horst König: Machines in construction . Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2005, ISBN 3-519-00495-X , p. 145 .
- ↑ Manfred Hoffmann: Number tables for the construction company . Teubner Verlag, Wiesbaden 2006, ISBN 3-519-65220-X , p. 618 .