Bandai (volcanic group)
| Bandai | ||
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| height | 1819 m | |
| location | Fukushima Prefecture , Honshu , Japan | |
| Coordinates | 37 ° 35 '54 " N , 140 ° 4' 39" E | |
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| Type | Stratovolcano | |
| rock | Andesite | |
| Last eruption | 1888 | |
 Eruption in 1888 |
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Bandai ( Japanese 磐 梯 山 , Bandai-san ) is a group of volcanoes in the communities of Inawashiro , Bandai and Kitashiobara in Yama County of Fukushima Prefecture in the north of the Japanese island of Honshū . It is located north of Lake Inawashiro and about 20 kilometers northeast of the city of Aizu-Wakamatsu . The volcanic group consists of several overlapping stratovolcanoes made up of andesite .
Eruption in 1888
The last eruption occurred on July 15, 1888 at Ko-Bandai , the northernmost volcano in the group. After a series of earthquakes that lasted a week, 15 to 20 phreatic explosions occurred , ejecting around 0.15 km³ of tephra . As a result of the eruptions, the north side of the volcano collapsed. A debris avalanche was created that transported 1.5 km³ of rock up to eleven kilometers to the north and in the process covered several villages. The deposits of the debris avalanche dammed up waters, creating several lakes, including the Hibara and Akimoto Lakes. Lahars and pyroclastic surges also formed . 461 people died in the outbreak; 70 were injured. Most of the fatalities died from the debris avalanche. Since the eruption, the summit of Kobandai has been dominated by a crater 1.5 by 2.0 kilometers open to the north . Three months after the eruption, Lake Akimoto broke through the debris avalanche and triggered flooding down the valley.
history
In four older eruptions of the Bandai , debris avalanches also formed: The largest debris avalanche moved around 4 km³ of rock up to 25 kilometers to the southwest several 10,000 years ago. The Kr-Bandai (Great Bandai) formed in the crater that was formed at that time , today the highest peak in the group at 1,819 meters. The Ko-Bandai (Little Bandai), the starting point of the eruption in 1888, was formed about 50,000 years ago. Magma was no longer extracted during the eruptions of the past 25,000 years . Using tephrochronology , seven further eruptions could be dated, which took place around 2,500 to 10,000 years ago. Historical records show further eruptions around the years 806, 1787 and 1808. Often they were phreatic explosions.
The volcanic group is located in the Bandai Asahi National Park established in 1950 ; In the national park with an area of around 2000 km² there are several thermal springs . Today the volcano is a popular skiing and excursion area.
Web links
- Bandai in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- Bandai in the Japanese Volcanoes Quaternary database (English)
- Side to the volcano (Norwegian)
Individual evidence
- ^ A b c Lee Siebert: Landslides resulting from structural failure of volcanos. In: Stephen G. Evans (Ed.): Catastrophic landslides: Effects, occurrence, and mechanisms. Geological Society of America, Boulder 2002, ISBN 0-8137-4115-7 , pp. 209-236, here pp. 220f.
- ↑ Bandai 1888 in The Significant Volcanic Eruption Database of NOAA (English, accessed March 11, 2013).
- ↑ Bandai in the Global Volcanism Program of the Smithsonian Institution (English)
- ↑ Bandai eruption history in the Global Volcanism Program (English, accessed on March 11, 2013).