Building survey

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The construction survey or the construction survey is the drawing of an existing building or part of a building and is not only an activity of the building researcher . The term describes both the activity of building surveying and its product, the drawings . The building survey is one of the fundamental tasks in historical building research and when dealing with existing buildings.

For over-planning and / or investigation of an existing building, the architect and the client , among others, need a building survey. If the existing structure is a monument , a much more detailed record is required. The drawings are portrayed during the measuring process and must be created without intermediate sketches. This applies regardless of whether the drawings are created using manual pencil mapping or digital construction.

The representation takes place depending on the importance, complexity and the planned measures in one of the four levels of accuracy. These are defined in the recommendations for building documentation of the Baden-Württemberg State Monuments Office.

Level of accuracy content scale Measurement accuracy
I. Schematic measurement
without high demands on the dimensional accuracy and without representation of structural damage / deformation; also as an approximately true-to-scale freehand drawing. 		1: 100 approximate scale
II Almost realistic measurements
including correctly proportioned representation of the structural design and rough deformations. 		1:50 or 1: 100 ± 10 cm in relation to the entire building
III Deformation-accurate measurements
including recording of structural damage as well as traces of earlier construction stages (e.g. walled-up openings, remains of vaults, etc.). 		1:50 ± 2.5 cm
IV Deformation-accurate measurement with detailed representation
including recording of the smallest details (usually for high-quality monument objects and scientific building research). 		1:25 or larger ± 2 cm or more precisely, depending on the scale

With the accuracy levels III and IV, a deformation-oriented or true-to-deformation representation of the object is achieved through an increased measuring accuracy and point density . This means that oblique angles, crooked components and structural deformations are recorded graphically. Different methods are used, which naturally also require different equipment:

For a deformation-compatible building survey, a measuring network independent of the building is first created. For this purpose, with the help of geodetic theodolites and leveling devices i. d. Usually the total station method is used. Digital plans are common for most construction projects. Both the manual and the digital recordings are made on site. Naturally, this is done in the form of pencil mapping on acid-free drawing cardboard or on distortion-free PP film or on a notebook . The basic handicap of the classic handicap is the lack of digital work results. With high quality scans with at least 400 dpi , pixel data can be generated in the TIFF file format . These TIFFs are stored on a layer for subsequent CAD processing.

The building survey is the basis for the following steps in historiological building research. This methodology is standard in monument practice in Germany, Switzerland and other countries.

See also

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Günter Eckstein, Baden-Württemberg State Monument Authority (ed.): Recommendations for building documentation. Arbeitsheft 7. Stuttgart 1999. Quoted in: BLDAM (Hrsg.): Requirements for an inventory documentation in the preservation of historical monuments. Petersberg 2002, p. 14 f. Available online as a PDF