Order cell

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The ultra-conservative and reactionary Bavaria in the first years of the Weimar Republic is usually referred to as a regulatory cell . As "democratic order cell" was Prussia among the governments of Prussia coalition called.

After the First World War , in the wake of the November Revolution of 1918, the Munich Soviet Republic came into being in the spring of 1919 . The actually conservative Bavaria had become a center of the council movement . In order to prevent Soviet republics, many residents' defenses were set up . After the suppression of the Soviet republic, fear of the communists was widespread and the right-wing extremists gained considerable popularity. They also included the German Workers 'Party , which on February 24, 1920 was renamed the National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP).

In 1920 Gustav Ritter von Kahr , who came from the imperial administration, became Prime Minister and headed a civil right-wing government. He strove for an independent position for Bavaria within the German Empire and wanted to keep the Free State as a conservative "regulatory cell" in "Marxist" Germany. Supported by the resident defense, Kahr had the workers 'and soldiers' councils dissolved. Kahr also had contact with Adolf Hitler as early as 1920 and learned to appreciate him as an ally against communism.

In Bavaria, wanted political criminals and members of the Consul organization could hide as well as those involved in the Kapp Putsch .

In autumn 1923, after the end of the Ruhr War and the suppression of left-wing governments in Saxony and Thuringia by the Reichswehr , a right- wing dictatorship under Kahr and an open conflict with the Reich government ensued. The Bavarian government wanted to transfer the conditions in the “regulatory cell” to the whole of Germany and eliminate parliamentarism (see the history of Bavaria ). Adolf Hitler, in turn, intended to take advantage of the situation for a “March to Berlin” and a putsch against the government (see Hitler-Ludendorff Putsch ). The putsch was put down by the Bavarian police after Kahr's change of heart, and Kahr resigned in February 1924. He was killed in the Dachau concentration camp in 1934 .

literature

  • Peter Jakob Kock, Franz Menges, Manfred Tremel, Wolf Volker Weigand: History of Modern Bavaria , Bavarian State Center for Political Education , Munich 2000.
  • Herbert Speckner: The Bavarian regulatory cell . Diss. Verlag, Erlangen 1955.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Living Museum Online LeMO : Gustav Ritter von Kahr