Bebenhäuser Pflegehof (Esslingen)

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Quake houses care yard
View from the Heugasse

View from the Heugasse

Data
place Esslingen am Neckar
Client Cistercian monastery Bebenhausen
demolition 1770
Coordinates 48 ° 44 '32.6 "  N , 9 ° 18' 32.4"  E Coordinates: 48 ° 44 '32.6 "  N , 9 ° 18' 32.4"  E

The Bebenhausen care yard in Esslingen was formerly part of the Bebenhausen Cistercian monastery . First mentioned in 1229, it passed into the hands of the Council of Churches in 1535 , who rented it out. In 1803 it went to the foundation administration, which set up its headquarters in it, later it was used by various commercial enterprises. In 1980 it became the property of the city of Esslingen, which in 1981 first housed the adult education center and in 1988 the Esslingen city library, which still uses it today. It is a protected cultural monument .

Meaning for Esslingen

The Bebenhausen care yard was part of the property of the Bebenhausen monastery , not far from Tübingen . In 1342 the monastery passed from the possession of the Electorate of Palatinate to the Counts of Württemberg and in 1535, after the Reformation, Ulrich von Württemberg placed it under the authority of the Council of Churches. The nursing yard in Esslingen is one of eight nursing yards owned by the Bebenhausen monastery, alongside those in Tübingen , Reutlingen , Stuttgart , Weil der Stadt , Brackenheim , Bönnigheim and Ulm . The building complex of the protected cultural monument and the evidence still preserved in the ground provide important information on the use and architecture of nursing yards. The complex also illustrates the economic importance of the monasteries for the former imperial city of Esslingen and its urban structure.

function

Remains of the coach house, part of the city library, Webergasse 6

The nursing yard in Esslingen served the monastery in several functions. On the one hand, it was a place of rest and refuge for monks and abbots who met to negotiate with princes in the city. On the other hand, he fulfilled important economic functions for the monastery. It was used as a storage and trading place for agricultural products, especially wine and grain. It was also the collection point for the taxes that the residents had to give to the monastery in the form of natural produce. The administrator of the care yard is only known by name in a few cases, although he obviously had an important function that required the command of reading, arithmetic and writing. The last administrator of the care yard known by name is Michael Stopper from 1527.

However, the economic function of the nursing court lost its importance during the Reformation after it was handed over to the church council. From then on, this was only used as a storage location for grain and wine, while the administration and tax regulations were relocated to the Pflegehof in Stuttgart. In the period that followed, attempts were made to rent out the Pflegehof, and attempts were even made to sell the buildings in the 17th and 18th centuries. From 1803, the Pflegehof was under the supervision of the foundation administration, which initially used it as its headquarters and later had it used by companies such as the Kessler Sektkellerei from 1868, the Schreiber printing company from 1894 and the Nanz company from 1920. In 1980, the building complex became the property of the city of Esslingen, which in 1981 first had its adult education center there, before moving the city library into it in 1988, which is still located there today.

Building history and building survey

A toilet dungeon - clearly visible from the Heugasse
Coat of arms of Abbot Johann v. Friedingen
Heugasse 9

The current building consists of three parts: the original house, the remains of the care yard chapel and the coachman's building. Due to its size, it borders on two streets, Webergasse and Heugasse. The building also has three floors and a basement.

The stone house, first listed in 1257, borders on Webergasse. It measures approximately 24.36 m × 16.60 m. Its west wing contains the outer wall of a residential tower from the period 1200–1250. The lower part of the outer wall consists of humpback blocks . A lavatory bay , which is visible from the harbor market, is framed by remains of the console , which indicate an original half-timbered building that was demolished in 1770. A clover-leaf arched window and stonemason's mark confirm the date of the 13th century.

The Pflegehof chapel was donated in 1339 by the priest Albrecht von Owen. It was demolished at the same time as the residential building in 1770. Therefore nothing is known about its building history. Only the west wall was left and reused in the new building.

According to dendrochronological studies, today's building has a date of 1499/1500. Its west and south wings have a horizontal, leafed roof structure. The earlier half-timbered building was on the side of the courtyard. In the Heugasse, a round arch portal in the west wing formerly led through a basement neck removed after 1770 to a basement in the northwest that is still in existence today.

The pressing hall is located on the ground floor of the entrance hall of the south wing. You enter it through an impressive pointed arch portal over which hangs the old coat of arms of Abbot Johann von Friedingen . The hall is equipped with oak supports, which, like in the Bebenhauser care yard in Tübingen, begin with a square shape and change in height to an octagon. Their bows serve as beams for the ceiling.

The upper floors were previously used as storage. It was probably replaced by living quarters in the 18th century. The land register of 1719 also mentions a no longer existing fountain within the trapezoidal courtyard.

The entrance to the coach house is at Webergasse 6. Parts of it are dated to 1510/11. It was auctioned around 1770 for 510 guilders with permission to demolish. What has remained, however, is the north wall with its stone cornice. It was used as a horse stable and fruit box until the 18th century .

Around 1868 a hall was built over the courtyard area, which was renovated in 1935. This is now divided into two floors and is used as a book room. When accommodating the city library, recent fixtures were removed and the existing stock largely preserved.

Web links

Commons : Bebenhäuser Hausthof  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

literature

  • Ottersbach, Christian: 11. Quake houses Pleghof . In: Kristen Fast / Joachim J. Halbekann (ed.): Between heaven and earth. Monasteries and nursing homes in Esslingen . Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-483-7 , pp. 311-315 .
  • Jürgen Sydow: The Cistercian Abbey of Bebenhausen . In: W. de Gruyter (Ed.): Germania Sacra NF . tape 16 . Berlin 1984, ISBN 978-3-11-009647-7 .
  • Elisabeth Brunner: Esslingen and its care yards . Esslingen 1983.
  • Walter Bernhardt: The care yards in Esslingen. Exhibition by the Esslingen City Archives from December 17, 1982 to February 6, 1983 in the Schwörhaus . Sigmaringen 1982.
  • Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.2.1 City of Esslingen am Neckar Thorbecke, 2009, ISBN 978-3-7995-0834-6

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ No. 766 . In: Württembergisches Urkundenbuch . tape 3 .
  2. ^ Jürgen Sydow: The Cistercian Abbey Bebenhausen . In: W. de Gruyter (Ed.): Germania Sacra NF . tape 16 . Berlin 1984, ISBN 978-3-11-009647-7 , pp. 61-69 .
  3. ↑ Monument topography of the Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.2.1 City of Esslingen am Neckar Thorbecke, 2009, pp. 130/131
  4. ↑ Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.2.1 City of Esslingen am Neckar Thorbecke, 2009, p. 131
  5. ↑ Hans Koepf : The care yards in Esslingen. Exhibition by the Esslingen City Archives from December 17, 1982 to February 6, 1983 in the Schwörhaus . Ed .: Walter Bernhardt. Sigmaringen 1982, p. 145 .
  6. ↑ Falk Jaeger: The stonemasons of the 13th century in Esslingen: A field investigation . In: Castles and Palaces . tape 33 , 1992, pp. 77 .
  7. ↑ Council of Churches. Special files Esslingen II, Bü. 93, A 287, No. 27 . In: HStAS .
  8. ^ Karlheinz Eckardt: The cellars between the orphanage and the harbor market: research into architectural history in Esslingen am Neckar . Esslingen 1995, p. 89 f .
  9. ^ Adolf Diehl: Document book of the city of Esslingen, No. 649b . In: Württemberg historical sources . Tape. Stuttgart 1905, p. No. 649b .
  10. ^ Burghard Lohrum: Bebenhauser care yard . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg. 2007.
  11. ↑ Hans Koepf: The care yards in Esslingen. Exhibition by the Esslingen City Archives from December 17, 1982 to February 6, 1983 in the Schwörhaus . Ed .: Walter Bernhardt. Sigmaringen 1982, p. 146 .
  12. ↑ Hans Koepf: The care yards in Esslingen. Exhibition by the Esslingen City Archives from December 17, 1982 to February 6, 1983 in the Schwörhaus . Ed .: Walter Bernhardt. Sigmaringen 1982, p. 145 .
  13. ↑ Ottersbach, Christian: 11. Quake houses Pleghof . In: Kristen Fast / Joachim J. Halbekann (ed.): Between heaven and earth. Monasteries and nursing homes in Esslingen . Petersberg 2009, ISBN 978-3-86568-483-7 , pp. 314 .
  14. ↑ No. 70 . In: Land register from 1719 . S. 71 .
  15. ^ Karlheinz Eckardt: The cellars between the orphanage and the harbor market: research into architectural history in Esslingen am Neckar . Esslingen 1995, p. 90 .
  16. ^ Burghard Lohrum: Bebenhauser care yard . Ed .: State Office for Monument Preservation Baden-Württemberg. 2007.
  17. ↑ A 284, Section 27, Esslingen II, Büschel 93 . In: HStAS .
  18. ^ Karlheinz Eckardt: The cellars between the orphanage and the harbor market: research into architectural history in Esslingen am Neckar . Esslingen 1995, p. 90 .
  19. ↑ Monument topography Federal Republic of Germany, cultural monuments in Baden-Württemberg, Volume I.2.1 City of Esslingen am Neckar Thorbecke, 2009, p. 131