Vena perforans

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Venae perforantes (singular vena perforans , Latin for "piercing blood vein"; transfascial vein ) is the term used in human anatomy for those veins that connect the superficial and deep venous systems. There are about 150 such veins on each leg. In animal anatomy, this term is not common for the transfascial veins. Here the term Venae perforantes stands for the branches of the internal thoracic vein that pierce the chest wall .

Anatomy of the leg veins in humans

In the area of ​​the legs, an anatomical distinction is made between three venous systems:

Most of the venous return to the heart occurs through the deep leg veins . The smaller vessels run as accompanying veins (Venae comitantes) with the arteries between the muscles . The large vessels include the popliteal vein (see also popliteal artery ), tibial anterior veins (see also anterior tibial artery ), posteriores (see also posterior tibial artery ) and the femoral vein .

A smaller part of the venous return occurs through the superficial leg veins . In contrast to the deep leg veins, these veins run independently of the arteries of the leg, in the subcutaneous fat tissue outside the muscles, i.e. i.e., they lie epifascial. They consist of several large vessels and extensive venous networks. The inflow area of ​​the superficial leg veins is the skin. The following vessels form the superficial venous system:

The third system is the perforating veins, which connect the superficial and deep leg veins. Since, as described above, the deep and the superficial venous system differ in their course towards the muscles, the perforating veins have to penetrate the muscle fascia in order to establish a connection. A total of three important groups of perforating veins are distinguished:

  • the cockett veins on the inside of the lower leg
  • the Boyd veins on the inside of the lower leg below the knee
  • the Dodd's perforating veins, located above the knee joint on the inside of the thigh

In healthy people, the blood in the perforating veins only ever flows in one direction, from the superficial veins to the deep leg veins.

literature

  • Ortega et al. Study of the great saphenous vein system. The historical approach; its origin and course; a description of 2 new collaterals Angiologia. 1991 Jan-Feb; 43 (1): 30-40. PMID 2035884
  • Schiebler anatomy ; Springer ISBN 3-540-61856-2
  • Uwe Gille: Cardiovascular and immune system, Angiologia. In: Salomon, F.-V. ua (Hrsg.): Anatomie für die Tiermedizin. Enke-Verlag, Stuttgart 2004, pp. 404-463. ISBN 3-8304-1007-7