Benibotarus taygetanus
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Benibotarus taygetanus |
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Fig. 1: Pronotum, colored ribs on the right half of the picture |
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Fig. 2: Left wing cover, copy colored below yellow: S, wing cover seam; green: secondary ribs blue: 1st to 3rd main rib, 1st tapering backwards |
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Benibotarus taygetanus is a beetle from the family of the red cap beetle (Lycidae). The genus Benibotarus is represented in Europe with two species . The species Benibotarus taygetanus belongs to the subgenus Sibetarus and is the only representative of this subgenus in Europe. The beetle, native to Southeastern Europe, is rare in Central Europe. It is listed in the Red List of Endangered Species in Germany under category 1 (threatened with extinction). The beetle is easily confused with the scarlet net beetle (genus Dictyoptera ).
Notes on names and synonyms
In 1907 Reitter describes the beetle under the name Dictyopterus Fiedleri . After the name he notes n. Sp., Which means that he classifies the beetle as a new species. Regarding the name, Reitter remarks: A well-preserved piece of this interesting Beetle was captured by Dr. C. Fiedler, ( Suhl in Thuringia ) in Herkulesbad near Mehadia , which he had the kindness to leave to me and after which it was named . It was not until 1987 that it was recognized that the beetle described by Pic in 1905 under the name Dictyoptera taygetanus belongs to the same species. The species name taygetanus indicates the site in the Taygetos Mountains in Greece.
The genus Benibotarus was only introduced in 1933 (December 1932 issue) by Kono as a new sub-genus of the genus Dictyoptera . The generic name Benibotarus is derived from the Japanese word for the red-capped beetle benihotaru (ベ ニ ボ タ ル), in which the word root ホ タ ル (hotaru, h assimilated in the middle of the word to b assimilated) for firefly is. The subgenus Sibetarus with Benibotarus taygetanus as a type was introduced in 1991 by Bocák & Bocáková. The name is an artificial word made up of simple and Benibotarus and refers to the number of rows of cells between the ribs of the wing covers.
Description of the beetle
The nearly one centimeter large beetle is black, pronotum and elytra but vermilion. The body parts are only slightly hardened
The small head is covered from above by the pronotum. On the forehead, between the deflection points of the antennae, are two antennae bulges separated by a furrow. The eleven-segment antennae are slender, the second antenna element is wider than it is long and only about half as long as the third, the latter half as long as the fourth. The end link is almost half longer than the tenth. The antennae are black, the two base links brown, and the tip of the end link yellow.
The pronotum is wider than the head and narrower than the elytra. It widens backwards to the weakly double-bayed base. This is a little wider than the pronotum is long. All edges of the pronotum are raised, the front edge rounded off. The pronotum has distinct ribs that form an elongated diamond (blue in Fig. 1). The acute angles lie in front and behind, from the laterally obtuse angles a rib runs towards the side edge of the pronotum ( green in Fig. 1), in Dictyoptera this reaches the edge, in Benibotarus it does not (Fig. 1).
The black label is a little longer than it is wide, hardly tapers towards the rear and is slightly incised there.
The wing covers and pronotum are extremely fine and have little reddish hair.
The wing covers are reticulated, which the former genus name Dictyoptera / us (from ancient Greek δίκτυον díktyon for net and πτερόν pterón for wing ) expresses. The 'stitches' are arranged in rows separated by longitudinal ribs. In Dictyoptera , four thicker and thinner ribs regularly alternate, in Benibotarus three strongly developed main ribs (in Fig. 2 blue 1 to 3) and the clearly less developed secondary ribs (in Fig. 2 green) are irregular. The first main rib becomes increasingly weaker towards the rear and is not more developed than the secondary ribs in the rear half of the wing cover. In the subgenus Sibetarus there is only a row of stitches between this rib and the wing cover seam, which is why the English word simple is in the name of the subgenus. Only in the area of the label is there a short secondary rib between the seam and the first main rib, and accordingly there are two rows of stitches there. In the rear wing-cover area the second main rib forms the first raised rib, and between it and the wing-cover seam there are three rows of stitches.
The legs are relatively weak. All tarsi are five-part.
biology
The beetle is mostly found in June and July. It is believed that the beetles are relatively short-lived. You don't like to fly and only cover short distances. The very rare species is considered a jungle relic and is found in ancient forests. It does not seem to be tied to a specific tree species, since it is found in old oak forests as well as in pine forests and in Greece in fir forests. Since the beetle is often cremated, it seems to be mainly in the herb layer. From Hungary the kind of warm and shady locations are reported. Usually altitudes of three hundred to eight hundred meters are given, in Greece, on the other hand, the sites are higher in mountain forests.
distribution
Initially only known from Southeastern Europe and Eastern Central Europe, more western finds have since been reported. According to the current status, there are finds from France ( Alsace and Pyrenees ), Germany , Austria , Poland (only in the south), the Czech Republic and Slovakia , Croatia , Bosnia and Herzegovina , Hungary , Romania and Greece .
literature
- Heinz Joy, Karl Wilhelm Harde, Gustav Adolf Lohse: The beetles of Central Europe . tape 6 : Diversicornia . Spectrum, Heidelberg 1979, ISBN 3-87263-027-X . P. 11 as Dictyoptera fiedleri
- Klaus Koch : The Beetles of Central Europe Ecology . 1st edition. tape 2 . Goecke & Evers, Krefeld 1989, ISBN 3-87263-040-7 . P. 29 as Dictyoptera fiedleri
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b Benibotarus taygetanus from Fauna Europaea, accessed on July 11, 2018
- ↑ Red List Bavaria p. 130
- ↑ a b Edmund Reitter: Dictyopterus Fiedleri n. Sp. in Societas entomologica Volume XXII, No. 4, Zurich 1907 p. 25
- ↑ Maurice Pic: Notes entomologique et déscriptions in L'èchange Révue Linéenne Volume 21 (252) pp. 185–187.
- ↑ a b Ladislav Bocák, Milada Bocáková: Notes on some Palaearctic and Oriental representatives of the tribe Erotini (Coleoptera, Lycidae) in Acta Entomologica Bohemoslovaca vol. 88 (1991) pp. 313-326 ISSN 0001-5601 p. 319
- ↑ Hiromichi Kôno: Contribution to the lycid fauna of Japan in Insecta Matsumurana 7 (1-2): 54–64 1932-12 p. 56
- ^ A b Henry Callot: Benibotarus taygetanus (Pic, 1905) nouvelle espèce pour la faune de France in L'Entomologiste 2001, 57 (6): 245–246 occurrence in Alsace, identification key p. 246
- ↑ Lyctidae identification table from Coleo-net , accessed on July 15
- ↑ a b O. Merkl, E. Kondorosy: Benibotarus taygetanus (Pic, 1905) in Hungary (Coleoptera: Lycidae) in Anales historico-naturales Musei Nationalis Hungarici Vol. 96, Budapest 2004, pp. 97-102 p. 100
- ↑ Remigius Geiser: 10th report of Bavarian coleopterologists in the newsletter of Bavarian entomologists, Volume 31, No. 3, 1982 p. 39
- ↑ D. Twardy: 736 New localities of Benibotarus taygetanus (Pic, 1905) and ... in Poland in Entomological news 35 (3) p. 186, Poznań 2016 No. 736 p. 186: Occurrence in Poland
