Vocational training

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This article or paragraph presents the situation in Germany and Switzerland . Help us to describe the situation in other countries.

Under training covers the teaching of theoretical knowledge and practical skills which to exercise a profession capable of the so-called. Vocational training , as well as vocational training . This serves to maintain and adapt or expand the professional ability to act.

Germany

Education courses in the German education system

In German labor law , vocational training refers to the entirety of different measures or procedures for vocational training and further training . It is part of the publicly accessible German education system . On the other hand, professional training is usually used to describe a company- related training measure.

According to Section 1 of the German Vocational Training Act , this includes vocational training preparation, vocational training, professional training and professional retraining.

  • The vocational training preparation is intended to introduce students to vocational training in a recognized training occupation by imparting the basics for acquiring professional skills.
  • The vocational training ( dual training ) is intended to provide the for the exercise of a qualified professional activity the necessary skills, knowledge and abilities (vocational competence) in a structured course of training. It also has to enable the acquisition of the necessary professional experience.
  • The professional training is intended to maintain, adapt or expand the professional ability to act and enable professional advancement.
  • The vocational retraining should enable them to take up another professional activity.

The Vocational Training Act (BBiG) does not apply to vocational training as health and nursing staff and health and nursing assistants . The Nursing Act (KrPflG) applies to this.

Switzerland

Switzerland prides itself on its vocational training and apprenticeship - as is commonly known in German-speaking Switzerland as vocational training, dual training / dual study. In manual, technical, administrative or service professions - from simple to highly qualified - it forms one of the foundations of the Swiss economy and public administration.

“The particularly well-developed dual education system also enables employees with below-average skills to receive high-quality training and direct access to the labor market. In countries without apprenticeships this access is much more difficult. "

- Alessandro Bee, Sibille Duss in: Mittelstand under pressure? , UBS Outlook Switzerland, 04/16, p. 10

Vocational training and apprenticeships in Switzerland take place in the “network” of employers, vocational schools, organizations in the world of work, cantons and the federal government.

The employers - companies, public authorities - employ the apprentices via an apprenticeship contract, thus also bearing part of the costs, and are contractual partners of the respective canton. As members of organizations in the world of work (OdA, formerly associations , also known today), they help shape vocational training.

The organizations of the world of work represent the professions, they help shape the training content , through ordinances on basic vocational training (VebeG) - in cooperation with the vocational schools including teaching associations, together with the cantons and the federal government .

The dual vocational training system in Switzerland (2016, source: SERI [1] )

The VET program (part of the secondary 2) in:

with the qualifications:

or to the

with the conclusion:

is supplemented with:

In the tertiary education sector you will find:

An overview of these and other vocational and university training courses (including ETH / EPFL ) with the transfer and further training opportunities is given in the figure The dual vocational training system in Switzerland here on the right (as of 2016).

Vocational training is regulated at the federal level by the Vocational Training Act. The federal government also makes financial contributions to the providers of educational services. The cantons - as the main sponsors, also financially - are responsible for vocational training and coordinate their services with one another (including cantonal conferences ).

Europe

The European vocational training systems are extremely heterogeneous. In Denmark it is organized in a similar way as in the German-speaking area; In many countries, however, there is a lack of systematic, practical vocational training or it is school-based, as in Portugal and Slovakia, or is even increasingly academic. In addition, there are more and more, but not particularly successful, short training courses for unemployed young people in Europe. In this context, the interest of other European countries in the German system of dual vocational training and in its expansion to higher levels of vocational training has increased in recent years. However, there is no clear scenario for the future development of VET in Europe.

See also

Web links

General

Germany

Switzerland

Literature, reports

Partners, associations, clubs

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ (de, en, fr, it) Alessandro Bee, Sibille Duss (economists) in: Mittelstand under pressure? ( Memento of November 8, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) , UBS Outlook Switzerland , 04/16 / November 2016, p. 10 - quoted in: Mittelstand: Special case Switzerland - In most industrialized countries, SMEs have come under heavy pressure in recent years . In Switzerland things are a little different , by Thomas Fuster, NZZ November 8th, 2016
  2. ↑ Federal Institute for Vocational Education and Training: Annual Report 2018. Bonn 2019, p. 79 ff.