Vocational Training Act (Switzerland)

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Basic data
Title: Federal Act on
Vocational Training
Short title: Vocational Training Act
Abbreviation: BBG
Type: Federal law
Scope: Switzerland
Legal matter: Administrative law (Switzerland)
Systematic
legal collection (SR) :		 412.10
Original version from: December 13, 2002
Entry into force on: January 1, 2004 ( AS 2003 4557)
Last change by: AS 2016 689 (PDF; 407 kB)
Effective date of the
last change:		 January 1, 2017
Please note the note on the applicable legal version.

The Federal Act on Vocational Training (Vocational Training Act, BBG) regulates vocational training in Switzerland outside the universities. That means both the upper secondary level (apprenticeship) and the tertiary level with federal professional and higher technical examinations and the courses of study at the higher technical schools.

Occupational fields

The current Vocational Training Act has merged all professional fields into one law:

  • the commercial and industrial professions
  • the commercial professions and the retail trade
  • the health professions (new)
  • the professions in agriculture and forestry (new)
  • the social professions
  • the design professions

Vocational Education Triangle

The cooperation between the three partners in vocational training has been massively strengthened (triangle of vocational training):

Terms

The new names, which have been adapted to the zeitgeist, can lead to confusion:

New name Old name
vocational training Apprenticeship
Vocational trainer Teacher
Vocational school professional school
Education plan Model course, model curriculum
Ordinance on basic vocational training Regulations on training and the final apprenticeship examination
Apprentices; Learners; learner Apprentice, apprentice daughter
Organizations in the world of work Professional association
Qualification process Final apprenticeship examination
Inter-company courses Introductory courses
Teacher Teacher; Teacher

The old terms are still in use in practice.

scope

The Vocational Training Act regulates all professional areas outside the university sector. Namely:

Cantonal introductory laws for the Vocational Training Act (EG BBG) contain further provisions on basic vocational training, higher vocational training, further training and vocational, study and career advice. In particular, they also allow cantonal courses of study.

history

Apprenticeship from 1928, Canton Zurich

From the 15th century, vocational training was regulated by the guilds together with the city authorities. Each trade branch had a trade code in which apprenticeship, journeyman migration and master craftsman examination were regulated. Due to the federal school sovereignty of the cantons, cantonal vocational training laws emerged from 1890, the guiding principles of which were to protect apprentices, improve the quality of training in companies and schools, provide vocational advice, professional training and finance. From 1884/85 the federal government subsidized the expenses for vocational training of the cantons, municipalities and third parties in craft, industrial, agricultural and commercial professions.

First law, 1930

procedure

The starting signal for the first Vocational Training Act was a vote in 1908 to promote the trade by the federal government. It was then decided to prepare three laws on the areas

  1. Protection of the trade
  2. Protection of workers in the trade
  3. Vocational training

From then on, however, it took some time before the constitutional basis became a vocational training law. The first draft was from the Swiss Workers' Union in 1911, followed by a draft from the Swiss Trade Association in 1918.

Based on these drafts, the Federal Employment Office proposed its own draft in 1924.

Finally, the first Swiss Vocational Training Act was passed in 1930 and came into force in 1933.

Content

The first law applied to trade and transport as well as handicrafts and industry, including hospitality and home work.

The minimum teaching period was 1 year. The vocational schools were subordinate to the respective cantons.

Second law 1963

Emergence

The revision of the first Vocational Training Act began in 1953.

Content

While the first law was still strongly focused on professional skills and knowledge, the second law expanded training in the direction of practical general education.

Before later
Vocational training Vocational training
Training and trade schools Vocational schools
Business subjects general educational subjects

The transition from the term training to education subtly shows the thrust: While training shapes a person towards a purpose, education forms the basis for independent action.

Third law, 1980

Content

  • Three-part system: training company, introductory courses, vocational school
    • Result: Introductory courses have been declared binding in certain professions
  • The possibility of completing an apprenticeship qualification was enshrined in law
  • the vocational school-leaving certificate was enshrined in law, after which it was provisionally declared and introduced as a "voluntary course" in 1970
  • Anchoring the apprenticeship for weaker students

Fourth Law, 2004

The current terms and regulations described above are now the expression of the fourth and current Vocational Training Act.

In particular, the following milestones and keywords should be mentioned:

  • As a third place of learning, the inter-company courses are on the same level as the training company and the vocational school
    The inter-company courses thus became an integral part of most professions
  • Agriculture and forestry were intrigued into the law (previously separate regulations)
  • The areas of health, social affairs and art (previously cantonal) have been added
  • Permeability (no termination without connection)

Due to transitional provisions, there was time until 2009 to adapt existing apprenticeships to the new law; other areas such as higher technical schools are still being converted.

Web links

swell

  1. ↑ cf. Art. 14 BBG
  2. ↑ http://edudoc.ch/record/3716/files/Schraeder.pdf
  3. ↑ Lucien Criblez: Educational expansion through system differentiation - using the example of upper secondary level in the 1960s and 1970s . In: Revue suisse des sciences de l'éducation . Subject . No. 1/2001 , 2001, A school for middle managers: vocational high school or diploma high school? , S. 95–118 , 107 ( elearninglab.org [PDF; 258 kB ; accessed on October 13, 2013]).
  4. ↑ Six years of the new Vocational Training Act - a balance sheet (PDF; 492 kB)
  5. ↑ Six years of the new Vocational Training Act - a balance sheet ( memento of the original from December 18, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www.alice.ch
  6. ↑ Six years of the new Vocational Training Act - a balance sheet