Betula dahurica
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Betula dahurica is a medium-sized tree from the genus of birch ( Betula ) with shaggy hairy, red- or dark-brown, shiny branches and mostly bare leaves. The natural range of the species is in the east of Asia. The wood of the species is used to make furniture and agricultural implements.
description
Betula dahurica is a tree up to 20 meters high with a black-brown, cracked bark . The branches are red-brown or dark brown, shiny and bare. The twigs are red-brown, shaggy hairy and densely covered with resin glands. The leaves have a stalk 0.5 to 1.5 centimeters long. The leaf blade is 4 to 8 inches long and 3.5 to 5 inches wide, egg-shaped, broadly egg-shaped or rhombic-egg-shaped, with a pointed or pointed tip, more or less rounded, broadly wedge-shaped or wedge-shaped base and an irregular and sharply double-serrated leaf edge . 6 to 8 pairs of nerves are formed. The upper side of the leaf is bare, the underside is densely covered with resin glands along the leaf veins and has axillary whiskers.
The female inflorescences are oblong-cylindrical, upright or pendulous and 2 to 2.5 inches long with a diameter of about 1 centimeter. The inflorescence stalk is 5 to 12 millimeters long. The bracts are 5 to 6 millimeters long, ciliate and three-lobed. The middle lobe is elongated-lanceolate, the lateral lobes ovate or broadly ovate and about the same length as the middle lobe. The fruits are broadly elliptical, bald nuts with membranous wings that are about half as long as the nuts. Betula dahurica flowers in June and July, the fruits ripen from July to August.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 56.
Occurrence
Betula dahurica grows in mixed forests in eastern Russia, eastern Mongolia, China, the Korean Peninsula and Japan.
Systematics and taxonomy
Betula dahurica is a species of the birch genus ( Betula ). This is in the family of birch family associated with the subfamily of birch plants in the narrow sense (Betuloideae) (Betulaceae). The species was in 1784 by Peter Simon Pallas scientifically valid first described . The generic name Betula comes from Latin and was already used by the Romans for the birch. The specific epithet dahurica is derived from the Dahurs , a Tungus tribe in the Nonni and Amur regions in eastern Siberia. It thus refers to the range of the species.
Peter Simon Pallas published the species with the spelling Betula durica in Fl. Horse. 1 (1): 60, t. 39, fig. A. 1784. There is no earlier publication from 1776. According to W. Greuter , the species should then be written Betula davurica , unless the spelling Betula dahurica was preserved.
One can distinguish between three varieties:
- Betula dahurica var. Dahurica : It occurs from south-eastern Siberia to Korea.
- Betula dahurica var. Okuboi Miyabe & Tatew. : It occurs from the Kuril Islands to northern Japan.
- Betula dahurica var. Parvifolia Ashburner & McAll. : It occurs in northern and central Japan.
use
The wood of Betula dahurica is hard and dense and is used in house building and in the manufacture of agricultural tools and furniture.
proof
literature
- Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China . Volume 4: Cycadaceae through Fagaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 1999, ISBN 0-915279-70-3 , pp. 312 (English).
- Helmut Genaust: Etymological dictionary of botanical plant names. 3rd, completely revised and expanded edition. Nikol, Hamburg 2005, ISBN 3-937872-16-7 (reprint from 1996).
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f Pei-chun Li, Alexei K. Skvortsov: Betula dahurica , in the Flora of China , Volume 4, p. 312
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 99
- ↑ Exactly: Etymological Dictionary of Botanical Plant Names , p. 198
- ↑ Betula in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 7, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Betula - World Checklist of Selected Plant Families of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Last accessed on January 10, 2017.
Web links
- Betula dahurica. In: The Plant List. Retrieved September 4, 2012 .