School system in Canada

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The school system in Canada is a matter of the provinces , so there is a wide variety of regulations in the school system. The structure of the school system in the various provinces is shown in the graphic below. All schools in Canada have in common that they are all-day schools and unit schools . Students can choose between public and paid private schools. Schooling lasts twelve years and usually begins at the age of five. The curriculum of the Canadian schools is determined by the Ministry of Education of the respective province (exception: advanced placement courses). Schools can only choose from a list of books that are considered most appropriate for their respective students. Schools that offer advanced placement courses (courses at the level of Canadian colleges) are particularly popular. Those who have taken such a course increase their chances of being accepted into the college of their choice.

Provinces and territories

Alberta
( source ) 		  Elementary Junior high Senior high  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
British Columbia
( source ) 		  Elementary Junior Secondary Senior Secondary  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Manitoba
( source ) 		  Early Junior high Senior high  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
New Brunswick
( source ) 		  Elementary Middle school High school  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Newfoundland and Labrador
( source ) 		  Primary Elementary Intermediate Senior high  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 Level I. Level II Level III  
Northwest Territories
( source ) 		  Primary Intermediate Junior Secondary Senior Secondary  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Nova Scotia
( Source ; PDF; 1.4 MB) 		  Elementary Junior high Senior high  
  Primary 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Ontario
( source ) 		Elementary Secondary  
Junior kindergarten Senior kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
PEI
( source ) 		  Elementary Intermediate School Senior high  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Quebec   École primaire Ecole secondaire Cégep
garderie maternal 1 2 3 4th 5 6th Sec I Sec II Sec III Sec IV Sec V first second third
Saskatchewan
( source ) 		  Elementary level Middle level Secondary level  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12  
Yukon
( source ) 		  Elementary Junior Secondary Senior Secondary  
  kindergarten 1 2 3 4th 5 6th 7th 8th 9 10 11 12

Language immersion programs and schools

Due to the official bilingualism of Canada, so-called immersion programs are offered in all provinces . All of the lessons are held in the other language (not the pupil's mother tongue). The popularity of these programs differs depending on the province, while this type of schooling is used comparatively frequently in the maritime provinces and Québec, the proportion of students towards the west decreases sharply.

religion

Some provinces have public denominational schools.

Level of performance

The performance level of Canadian schools is generally considered to be high. In the PISA studies Canada is regularly one of the top places. In Canada, immigrant students perform on a par with their native peers. Students whose native language is Hindi are even ahead of English-speaking students in terms of performance. The performance level of private schools is considered to be higher than that of state schools. Canada is the only OECD country where private school students learn more than public school students, even after checking their family and socio-economic backgrounds.

Problems

Although all schools follow the same curriculum, some have better reputations than others. In Canada, there is no free choice of school in public schools because every school has its own catchment area. However, you can apply to attend a school outside your own residential area (cross boundary application). However, many reputable schools have far more outside applicants than they can accept. An important criterion for the value of a house is whether there are good schools nearby.

Afro-Canadian students have worse educational opportunities than their white peers. In Toronto , for example, forty percent of them had to leave school without a degree. As a solution to the problem, civil rights activists called for “afrocentric schools” , which are more likely to meet the needs and culture of black students. The idea was rejected by other civil rights activists. The first Afrocentric school opened its doors in Toronto in September 2009.

See also

literature

  • Ghodsi Hejazi: Pluralism and Civil Society. Intercultural pedagogy in modern immigration societies. Canada - France - Germany. transcript Verlag, Bielefeld 2009, ISBN 978-3-8376-1198-4 .
  • Valeria Lange: Migrants at Risk? About the connection between school recognition structures and social inequality in Canada and Germany. ibidem Verlag, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 3-89821-800-7 .
  • Judith Link: Discrimination typical of shifts in general education. A comparison between Canada and Germany. VS Verlag für Sozialwissenschaften, Wiesbaden 2011, ISBN 978-3-531-18350-3 .
  • Susan F. Semel, Alan R. Sadovnik, Peter W. Cookson Jr .: International Handbook of Educational Reform , (Chapter 5: Canada), Greenwood Press, 1992.
  • Terry Wotherspoon: The Sociology of Education in Canada - Critical Perspectives , Oxford University Press, 2004.

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development: "PISA 2006 - School Achievements in International Comparison". 2007. Bertelsmann Verlag, p. 270

Web links