Episcopal pine
| Episcopal pine | ||||||||||||
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Pinus muricata |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Pinus muricata | ||||||||||||
| D. Don |
The bishop's pine ( Pinus muricata ) is a species of pine ( Pinus ) native to California and Mexico .
features
Pinus muricata is a small tree that reaches heights of 4 to 20 m and branches deep and irregularly. The crown is deep, open and very irregular. The lower branches are long, often touching the ground. The bark is thick in the lower crown area with deep vertical cracks and purple-brown scales. On young trees and in the upper trunk area of old trees, the bark is light gray-brown and relatively smooth. The twigs are thick, stiff, gray-brown, rough, later smooth.
The needle leaves are in bundles on short shoots in pairs; the sheaths are pale brown, 10 to 12 mm long, later becoming shorter and almost disappearing. They are mainly at the end of branches. The needle leaves are thick, stiff, upright, 10 to 16 cm long. The edge is finely sawn. There are two to 14 (average 7.6) resin channels. There are two clearly separated vascular bundles .
The cones are brown, the cone scales end in a small, triangular, sharp thorn. They stand in groups of two to five on thick, stiff, upright stems.
The cones are erect, sessile, brown, ovoid to inverted cone-shaped. They are 5 to 8 cm long. You stand alone or in groups of two to five. The cones remain on the branch for several years after they have ripened. The scales are hard, stiff.
The seeds are small, 5 to 6 mm long, dark brown. The seed wing is 10 to 15 mm long. The number of cotyledons is usually five. There are around 103,000 seeds per kilogram.
The wood is hard. The sapwood is creamy white, the heartwood a bit light brown.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 24.
Occurrence
Pinus muricata has a very limited distribution. It occurs in small, dispersed populations on the Pacific coast of California and in two locations in the Mexican state of Baja California Norte near San Vicente. There are only eight locations in total. Pinus muricata is classified by the IUCN as "endangered" ( vulnerable ).
This species grows near the coast at altitudes up to 300 m in dry, but often foggy locations.
Systematics
Pinus muricata was first described in 1836 by David Don (1799-1841) in the Transactions of the Linnean Society of London , Volume 17, Page 441. Synonyms are Pinus edgariana Hartw. and Pinus remorata H.Mason .
literature
- Jesse P. Perry: The Pines of Mexico and Central America . Timber Press, Portland 1991, pp. 161ff., ISBN 0-88192-174-2
Individual evidence
- ↑ Pinus muricata D. Don. In: Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden , accessed September 19, 2019 .
- ↑ a b c Pinus muricata in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2013.2. Listed by: Farjon, A., 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2019.
- ↑ Karl-Heinz Kindel: Pines in Europe: panels and descriptions of the native and foreign species found in European forests, gardens and parks . Gustav Fischer, Stuttgart, Jena and New York 1995, ISBN 3-437-30771-1 , p. 170 .
- ↑ Rafaël Govaerts (ed.): Pinus. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved April 20, 2019.
Web links
- Description of the species on www.conifers.org
- Pinus muricata inthe IUCN 2013 Red List of Threatened Species . 2. Listed by: Farjon, A., 2011. Retrieved September 19, 2019.