Blood-red skin head

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Blood-red skin head
Cortinarius sanguineus BS11.JPG

Blood-red skin head ( Cortinarius sanguineus )

Systematics
Subclass : Agaricomycetidae
Order : Mushroom-like (Agaricales)
Family : Veil relatives (Cortinariaceae)
Genre : Veils ( Cortinarius )
Subgenus : Skin heads ( dermocybe )
Type : Blood-red skin head
Scientific name
Cortinarius sanguineus
( Wulfen  : Fr. ) Gray

The poisonous blood-red skin head ( Cortinarius sanguineus ) is a type of mushroom from the veil relatives family . Its whole fruiting body is more or less colored dark blood red. The fruiting bodies appear from August to October in moist coniferous forests.

features

Macroscopic features

The hat is 1–4 cm wide, conical to hemispherical when young and later arched with a mostly flattened to deepened apex, which can sometimes have a blunt hump. The surface is matt, finely tomentose to scaly and dark blood-red to brown-red in color. In old age the hat can fade a dirty orange-brownish color. The edge is hung young with brown-red remains of velum and not grooved.

The rather bulbous and quite distant lamellae are bulged on the stem. They are colored dark blood red when young and have the same coloring as the fleeting Cortina. In old age the lamellae are colored more reddish brown by the rusty brown spore powder.

The slender, more or less curved stalk is 3–7 cm long and 0.3–0.7 cm wide. It is full to almost hollow and dark blood-red to brown-red in color, the sometimes slightly thickened stem base is often a little lighter and more orange-felted. The dark red meat smells faintly radish-like and tastes mild to bitter.

Microscopic features

The elliptical to apple seed-shaped spores are 6–9 µm long and 4–5 µm wide, their surface is fine black.

Species delimitation

The blood-red skin head is characterized by the fact that its entire fruiting body is more or less dark red in color. Sometimes it can also have a more reddish-brown color and a pink stem base. Such forms were previously separated as var. Vitiosa . There is also a deciduous forest that was previously delimited as a separate species ( Dermocybe punicea ). Here, too, the hat is clearly more brown in color, while the lamellae and the stem are purple.

The vermilion watercap ( C. cinnabarinus ) that grows in the deciduous forest (mainly under beech) is very similar . It is bright vermilion to cherry red in all parts and has a hygrophan hat. Also similar is the red-ripped skin head ( C. purpureus ). It has blood-red lamellas and a light red velum, while the hat is red to cinnamon-brown and the stem is yellowish. In addition, the blood-red skin head could be confused with the blood-leaved skin head growing in the coniferous forest , which has a cinnamon-brown hat and yellow-red flesh.

ecology

The fruiting bodies appear solitary to gregarious from August to October. The fungus likes to grow on acidic soils under spruce trees, often in the middle of peat moss ( sphagnum ). Therefore it can be found especially in moors and in moist coniferous forests of the mountains.

distribution

European countries with evidence of finding of the blood-red skin head.
Legend:
green = countries with found reports
cream white = countries without evidence
light gray = no data
dark gray = non-European countries.

The blood-red skin head occurs in North America (Canada, USA), Central America (Costa Rica), Asia (Japan, North Korea, South Korea), Australia and Europe.

The fungus is widespread throughout Western and Central Europe, although its occurrence is scattered to local. In general, it is rare in the lowlands and more common in the mountains. It is fairly common in England, less common in Scotland, and little evidence is available in Ireland and Northern Ireland. The mushroom is also rare in the Netherlands. In southern Europe it was found in Italy, Spain and Portugal, its southeastern distribution is less well documented. In Bulgaria it occurs in the Pirin and the Rila Mountains , as well as in the Rhodope Mountains . It is widespread throughout Fennoscandinavia. In Norway it is distributed up to the 69th parallel, in Sweden up to the 66th and in Finland up to the 64th parallel.

meaning

All skin heads are basically not edible mushrooms, as they are poisonous or at least suspect. Since the (color-fast) dyes can be easily removed with alcohol on the heads of the skin, they are well suited for dyeing wool and clothing.

Web links

Commons : Blood red skin head ( Cortinarius sanguineus )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
  • Cortinarius sanguineus. In: Funghi in Italia / funghiitaliani.it. Retrieved December 9, 2013 (Italian, Gute Fotos vom Bloodrotred Hautkopf).

swell

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Ewald Gerhardt: Mushrooms. Volume 1: Lamellar mushrooms, pigeons, milklings and other groups with lamellas (=  spectrum of nature / BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1984, ISBN 3-405-12927-3 , p. 250 .
  2. ↑ a b c d Hans E. Laux: The great cosmos mushroom guide. All edible mushrooms with their poisonous doppelgangers . Kosmos, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-440-08457-4 .
  3. ↑ Karin Montag: Blood-red skin head Cortinarius sanguineus In the virtual mushroom book. In: [1] . Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  4. ↑ Basidiomycota Checklist-Online - Cortinarius sanguineus. In: basidiochecklist.info. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  5. ↑ a b Cvetomir M. Denchev & Boris Assyov: Checklist of the larger basidiomycetes in Bulgaria . In: Mycotaxon . tape 111 , 2010, ISSN  0093-4666 , p. 279–282 ( online [PDF]).
  6. ↑ Belgian List 2012 - Cortinarius sanguineus. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  7. ^ A b Worldwide distribution of Cortinarius sanguineus. (No longer available online.) In: GBIF Portal / data.gbif.org. Archived from the original on December 13, 2013 ; Retrieved December 9, 2013 . Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / data.gbif.org
  8. ↑ Jean-Pierre Prongué, Rudolf Wiederin, Brigitte Wolf: The fungi of the Principality of Liechtenstein . In: Natural history research in the Principality of Liechtenstein . Vol. 21. Vaduz 2004 ( online [PDF]).
  9. ↑ a b Grid map of Cortinarius sanguineus. In: NBN Gateway / data.nbn.org.uk. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  10. ↑ Cortinarius sanguineus. Pilzoek database, accessed December 9, 2013 .
  11. ^ TV Andrianova et al .: Cortinarius sanguineus. Fungi of Ukraine. In: Cybertruffle.org. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  12. ↑ a b NMV Verspreidingsatlas online: Cortinarius sanguineus. In: verspreidingsatlas.nl. Retrieved December 9, 2013 .
  13. ↑ Dorothea Fischer: Natural colors on wool and silk - dyeing without toxic additives . 2013, ISBN 978-3-8482-6838-2 ( online ).