Bocaparvovirus

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Bocaparvovirus
Systematics
Classification : Viruses
Area : Monodnaviria
Empire : Shotokuvirae
Phylum : Cossaviricota
Class : Quintoviricetes
Order : Piccovirales
Family : Parvoviridae
Subfamily : Parvovirinae
Genre : Bocaparvovirus
Taxonomic characteristics
Genome : (+) and (-) ss DNA, linear
Baltimore : Group 2
Symmetry : icosahedral
Cover : uncovered
Scientific name
Bocaparvovirus
Left
NCBI  Taxonomy: 1507401
ViralZone ( ExPASy , SIB): 567
ICTVdB Virus Code : 00.050.1.05

The genus Bocaparvovirus (until 2015 Bocavirus ) includes non-enveloped viruses from the parvovirus family ( Parvoviridae ); it currently contains 21 types of viruses. Bocaviruses have a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) as their genome . The name of the genus is derived from the initials of the two species ( Bo vines parvovirus and Ca from nines minute virus). In 2005, a human parvovirus associated with respiratory infections in children was discovered and classified as Human Bocavirus of the genus Bocavirus (now Bocaparvovirus ). At present, the various human Bocaparvoviruses discovered in the meantime belong to the species Primate Bocaparvovirus 1 and Primate Bocaparvovirus 2 . The diversity of species and subspecies within the genus is due to the distribution in different host species, as well as the recombination of different virus species.

morphology

The virions of the genus Bocaparvovirus are about 18-24 nm in diameter, non-enveloped particles. These naked, icosahedral capsids are composed of 60 molecules ( T = 1 ) of the virus proteins VP1 and VP2. Some of the packaged DNA is not completely enclosed by the capsid, so that part of the DNA strand can protrude from the particle.

Genome

The viruses of the genus Bocaparvovirus are between 5.1 and 5.5 kb in size and consist of a linear strand of single-stranded DNA. This can be packaged by the virions in both polarity forms ( sense and antisense ) and in different amounts. At both ends of the genome there are non-identical palindromes shaped into hairpin structures , which contribute to a complementary pairing of the DNA strands during the replication of the nucleic acid in the cell and which initiate replication. In the front half of the genome is the reading frame for the non-structural proteins (NS, e.g. the Rep proteins), in the back half for the structural proteins (VP, viral protein ). In the middle is a small overlapping reading frame which codes for a nuclear protein (NP-1) and which contains promoter- like sequences. The actual functional promoter regions are still unclear.

The nucleotide sequences for the NS1 and the VP1 of the bovine and canine species show a similarity of 34 and 41%, respectively. These sequences in turn are clearly different from all other species of the subfamily Parvovirinae and thus form a group of their own.

Biological properties

According to current knowledge, the species are strictly specialized in a single host and show clear antigenetic differences. The transmission takes place through smear infection or droplet infection via the respiratory tract.

Systematics

According to ICTV as of October 2018, the genus Bocaparvovirus includes the following species, supplemented by a number of associated virus isolates:

  • Genus Bocaparvovirus (formerly Bocavirus )
  • Canines Canines Bocavirus (aka Canines Minute Virus, en. Minute Virus of Canines, MCV)
  • Canine Bocavirus 1
  • Feline Bocavirus
  • California Sea Lion Bocavirus 1 and 2
  • California Sea Lion Bocavirus 3
  • Gorilla Bocavirus
  • Human Bocavirus 1
  • Human Bocavirus 3
  • Human Bocavirus 2a
  • Human Bocavirus 2b
  • Human Bocavirus 2c
  • Human Bocavirus 4
  • Bovine parvovirus
  • Porcine Bocavirus 1 and 2
  • Porcine Bocavirus SX
  • Porcine Bocavirus H18
  • Porcine Bocavirus 3, 4-1 and 4-2

A number of currently unclassified species and virus isolates are assigned to the genus (including isolates in bats , foxes , domestic pigs , rabbits and rats ).

literature

  • N. Muzyczka and KI Berns: Parvoviridae: The viruses and their replication in: David M. Knipe, Peter M. Howley et al. (Eds. :): Fields' Virology, 3rd Edition, Philadelphia 1996, pp. 2327-2360
  • D. Schwartz, B. Green et al. : The canine minute virus (minute virus of canines) is a distinct parvovirus that is most similar to bovine parvovirus. Virology (2002), 302: pp. 219-223
  • Tattersall et al. : Genus Bocavirus in: CM Fauquet, MA Mayo et al. : Eighth Report of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses , London, San Diego, 2005, p. 364

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e ICTV: ICTV Taxonomy history: Primate erythroparvovirus 1 , EC 51, Berlin, Germany, July 2019; Email ratification March 2020 (MSL # 35)
  2. ↑ Allander T, Tammi MT, Eriksson M, Bjerkner A, Tiveljung-Lindell A, Andersson B .: Cloning of a human parvovirus by molecular screening of respiratory tract samples . PNAS (2005) 102 (36): pp. 12891-12896
  3. ↑ AI Tyumentsev et al. : Recombination in the evolution of human bocavirus . Infect. Genet. Evol. (2014) 28: pp. 11-4 PMID 25193564
  4. ↑ ICTV : Master Species List 2018a v1 , MSL including all taxa updates since the 2017 release. Fall 2018 (MSL # 33)

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