Bocchoris

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Area of ​​the former city

Bocchoris (also Bocchor , Bocchorum or Oppidum Bochoritanum ) was an ancient city near Port de Pollença in the north of the Spanish Balearic island of Mallorca . It is one of the oldest known settlements on the island, the history of which goes back to pre-Roman times. Pliny the Elder described Bocchoris near the Badia de Pollença ('Bay of Pollença') as a city ​​allied with Rome .

location

Location on the Badia de Pollença

Bocchoris was located northwest of today's Port de Pollença in the Pedret de Bóquer area at the entrance of the Vall de Bóquer ('Valley of Bóquer'), which extends to Cala Bóquer on the north coast. The corresponding names go back to the ancient Bocchoris. The 75,545 m² protected area of el Pedret on the MA-2200 bypass measures around 365 × 210 meters. It is divided by the torrent de Bóquer into almost two equal areas.

History and description

The oldest traces of a settlement go back to 1400 BC. BC back. These are the remains of a round talaiot as well as some badly damaged rooms and wall sections from the time of the Talaiot culture . A short section of the city wall with an entrance gate is visible from Roman times. Recent excavations have uncovered remains of Roman plaster, a deposit for liquids (probably wine or oil), numerous remains of purple snails , an early 4th century coin and a needle head. A basin was interpreted as part of a small workshop for the extraction of purple .

Two bronze tablets of patronage (tabulae patronatus) were found near the remains of Bocchoris . You can go back to 10 BC. BC and 6 AD. The tablet from 10 BC, found in the Badia de Pollença in 1951 . BC, the year of the consuls Iullus Antonius and Africanus Fabius Maximus , states the former consul M. Crassus Frugi as the patron saint of Bocchoris. The inscription reads:

[Iullo Ant] onio Fabio Africano
a (nte) d (iem) XVII k (alendas) Apriles.
Civitas Bocchoritana ex
insula Baliarum Maiorum
patronum coptavit M.
Crassum Frugi leiberos
posterosque eius.
M. Crassus Frugi eos in
suam suorumque
clientelam recepit.
Egerunt C. Coelius CF and
C. Caecilius TF legati

Under Iullus Antonius , Fabius Africanus
on the 17th day before the calendar of April.
The town of Bocchoris on
the island of Baliaris Maior
has chosen M. Crassus Frugi,
his children and
descendants as their patron .
M. Crassus Frugi has accepted them
into his and his
entourage.
This was carried out by C. Coelius CF and
C. Caecilius TF, legates

The other patronage plaque was found in 1765. Their inscription dates from the year 6 AD, the year of the consuls Marcus Aemilius Lepidus and Lucius Arruntius , and indicates the Roman senator Marcus Atilius Vernus as patron. The inscription reads:

Tabula Patronatus Bocchoritanus

M. Aemilio Lepido, L. Arrunt (io)
co (n) s (ulibus) k (alendis) maize.
Ex insula Baliarum Maiore senatus
populusque Bocchoritanus M. Atilium
M. F. Gal (eria) Vernum patronum coopta
verunt
M. Atilius MF Gal (eria) Vernus senatum
populumque Bocchoritanum in fidem
clientelam que suam suorumque recepit.
Egerunt
Q. Caecilius Quintus
C. Valerius Icesta
praetores

Under M. Aemilius Lepidus , L. Arruntius
as consuls on the calends of May.
From the island Baliaris Maior senate
and people of Bocchoris M. Atilius
M. F. Gal (eria) Vernus the patron overall
selected.
M. Atilius MF Gal (eria) Vernus has accepted the Senate
and people of Bocchoris into the protection of
his and his followers.
This was carried out by
Q. Caecilius Quintus,
C. Valerius Icesta,
praetors

Pliny the Elder mentioned Bocchoris in the third book of his work Naturalis historia (natural history), written around AD 77 . There it says about the Balearic Islands:

“ Baliares funda bellicosas Graeci Gymnasias dixere. maior C p. est longitudine, circuitu vero CCCCLXXV. oppida have civium Romanorum Palmam et Pollentiam, Latina [G] uium et Tucim, et foederatum Bocchorum fuit. ”(German:“ The Balearic Islands, whose inhabitants know how to use the slingshot, are called the high school by the Greeks. The larger one (Mallorca) is 100,000 paces long and 475,000 paces long. Of their cities have Roman citizenship: Palma and Pollentia; Latin: Guium and Tucis; Bocchoris was an allied city. ")

The site of el Pedret has been registered as an archaeological monument (Monument arqueològic) since 1966 under the number RI-51-0002587 . From 2001, partial excavations took place on the property of the Capllonch family under the direction of Josep Merino and Magdalena Estarellas, which were discontinued in 2009 due to a lack of further funding. During the excavations there were several thefts and destruction of the site. From November 2012 it was planned to lead the Camí de Cala Bóquer , the hiking trail to Cala Bóquer , through the area of ​​the archaeological site.

literature

  • Enrique García: La civitas Bocchoritana: una cuestión abierta . In: Revista d'Arqueologia de Ponent . No. 9/1999 . Universitat de Lleida, 1999, ISSN  1131-883X , p. 75-81 (Spanish, online ).
  • Mark Van Strydonck, Mathieu Boudin, Damià Ramis: Direct 14C-dating of Roman and late antique purple dye sites by murex shells . In: ArcheoSciences, revue d'archéométrie . No. 36 . Presses universitaires de Rennes, 2012, ISBN 978-2-7535-2241-1 , ISSN  1960-1360 , p. 15–22 (English, online ).

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b JA-28 Pedret Bóquer. (PDF) Catàleg de protecció d'edificis i elements d'interès històric, artístic, arquitectònic. Terme municipal de Pollença, pp. 77-80 (Catalan).;
  2. ↑ Senderisme a Mallorca. Consell de Mallorca, accessed on May 11, 2020 (interactive map).
  3. ↑ a b c Elena Ballestero: Bocchoris, patrimonio arqueológico en peligro por los 'vándalos' del siglo XXI. Última Hora, June 4, 2018 (Spanish).;
  4. ↑ DE Woods:  OPPIDUM BOCHORITANUM (Puerto de Pollensa) Majorca . In: Richard Stillwell et al. a. (Ed.): The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites. Princeton University Press, Princeton NJ 1976, ISBN 0-691-03542-3 .
  5. ↑ Trescant pel MON (CXLIX). Civitas Bocchoritana. Urxella, October 30, 2011 (Catalan).;
  6. ↑ This is March 16th.
  7. ^ Paul von Rohden : Atilius 77 . In: Paulys Realencyclopadie der classischen Antiquity Science (RE). Volume II, 2, Stuttgart 1896, Col. 2100.
  8. ↑ This is May 1st.
  9. ^ Gaius Plinius Secundus: Natural history . Third book. Metzler, Stuttgart 1840, p. 324, note 3 ( online - Latin: Naturalis historia . Translated by Philipp H. Külb ).
  10. ↑ C. Plinius Secundus maior: Naturalis historia. Liber III, 11. [77], Geographia (Europe). Bibliotheca Augustana (Latin).;
  11. ↑ Lista del Ministerio del Interior. WML files. wmflabs.org, accessed May 11, 2020 .
  12. ↑ Tinguem compte amb Bocchoris. Balearweb, October 13, 2013 (Catalan).;

Web links

Coordinates: 39 ° 54 ′ 44 "  N , 3 ° 4 ′ 53"  E