Bodensee-Kilch
| Bodensee-Kilch | ||||||||||||
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Lake Constance Kilch ( Coregonus gutturosus ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Coregonus gutturosus | ||||||||||||
| ( Gmelin , 1818) |
The Bodensee-Kilch ( Coregonus gutturosus ) is a most likely extinct freshwater fish species from the genus Coregonus . It occurred in the deeper areas of Lake Constance .
features
The Bodensee kilch reached a standard length of 290 mm and a weight of 125 grams. The mouth opening was underneath. The muzzle was blunt. The back was olive green or brown. The number of gill traps on the first arch was 14 to 25.
Way of life
The spawning season of the Bodensee kilch was from July to November. The spawn was placed at a depth of 10 to 60 meters. After spawning, the kilche overwintered in deeper places between 100 and 140 meters. Between March and April the fish climbed back up to their traditional territory between 50 and 60 meters. In summer the food consisted of mussels and snails from the lake bed. In winter, the Bodensee kilch fed on the spawn of the blue fly .
Captured kilche were usually badly disfigured. By pulling up from the depths, the abdomen was so inflated that it could even burst due to the falling water pressure and the resulting excessive expansion of the air trapped in the swim bladder.
die out
In the 1950s, the eutrophication of Lake Constance began, which led to a sharp decrease in the oxygen content and was responsible for the fact that the eggs of many Coregons could no longer develop. While the stocks of other coregon species in Lake Constance recovered through replenishment, the Lake Constance kilch probably died out in the 1970s. The IUCN Red List of IUCN classifies the Lake Constance whitefish as "Extinct" ( Extinct one).
Systematics
The Bodensee kilch was first described by Johann Friedrich Gmelin in 1818 as the subspecies Salmo muraena gutturosa . In the same year it was named Coregonus gutturosus species. In 1854 the taxon was renamed Coregonus acronius by Wilhelm Ludwig von Rapp (1794–1868) and the species definition was expanded to include the various Kilch populations of the Attersee, the Geneva and the Ammersee. In 1997, Maurice Kottelat finally used Gmelin's original species epithet again and limited the concept of species to the kilche from the deeper waters of Lake Constance .
literature
- Maurice Kottelat: European Freshwater fishes. An heuristic checklist of the freshwater fishes of Europe (exclusive of former USSR), with an introduction for non-systematists and comments on nomenclature and conservation . Biologia (Bratislava) Sect. Zool., 52 (Suppl.). 1997
- Maurice Kottelat & Jörg Freyhof: Handbook of European Freshwater Fishes . 2007, ISBN 978-2-8399-0298-4
- Ross DE MacPhee: Extinctions in Near Time: Causes, Contexts, and Consequences . Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, 1999, ISBN 0-306-46092-0
- Wilhelm Nümann: The Bodensee: Effects of exploitation and eutrophication on the Salmonid community . In: Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada. Issue 29: pp. 833-847, 1972
- Christian Ruhlé & Theodor Kindle: Morphological comparison of river-spawning whitefish of the Alpine Rhine with the whitefish of Lake Constance In: Polish Archives of Hydrobiology Edition 39: pp. 403–408, 1992
- Erich Wagler : The Coregons in the lakes of the foothills of the Alps. VII. The kilch of Lake Constance (Coregonus acronius von Rapp) . In: International Review of the Entire Hydrobiology and Hydrography , Edition 30: pp. 1-48, 1933
Web links
- Bodensee-Kilch on Fishbase.org (English)
Individual evidence
- ↑ Coregonus gutturosus in the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015.4. Posted by: Freyhof, J. & Kottelat, M., 2008. Accessed March 1, 2016.