Bolesław Przybyszewski
Bolesław Przybyszewski ( ) ( Russian Болеслав Станиславович Пшибышевский ; * February 22, 1892 in Berlin , † August 21, 1937 in Moscow ) was the son of the Polish writer Stanisław Przybyszewski with Martha from his liaison. He was a musicologist, educator, director of the Moscow Conservatory from 1929 to 1931, a member of the CPSU from 1920 to 1933 and a victim of the Stalinist purges .
After his mother's suicide, who killed herself on June 9, 1896 after Przybyszewski's marriage to Dagny Juel , he was with his father's parents, first in Łojewo near Inowrocław (German Hohensalza), then in Wągrowiec (German Wongrowitz) with parents raised by his father while his sisters were sent to an orphanage. He was not recognized as a son by his biological father until 1905.
In 1912 he came to Warsaw , where he studied piano playing and composition. Deported to Russia as a Prussian citizen during the First World War , he was resettled in the city of Orsk in the Orenburg Oblast . There he married Emilia Ottowna Niedecker, the daughter of the Tsarist Lieutenant Colonel Otto Niedecker.
After the October Revolution he became an active communist. He lectured at the Moscow Communist University of the National Minorities of the West , and in 1929 was appointed director of the Moscow Conservatory.
On his initiative was the February 2, 1931 at the Moscow Conservatory in Higher Music School " Felix Kohn " renamed. The ideologically obsessed Przybyszewski forced the teaching of communist ideology at the expense of the musical subjects. After his resignation, the Moscow Conservatory returned to its original name on October 16, 1932.
As a homosexual accused was arrested and worked as Gulag -Häftling December 1933 to 7 January 1936 the construction of the White Sea-Baltic Canal with. Arrested again on March 1, 1937 as part of the Stalin purges , he was sentenced to death by the military college on August 21, 1937 on charges of espionage and the preparation of acts of terrorism. He was executed on the same day and buried in the Donskoy cemetery .
He was rehabilitated in court on September 15, 1956. His wife Emilie was also arrested in 1937 and was released from the prison camp in 1945 with spinal tuberculosis . She died in 1956.
literature
- Jadwiga Kosicka and Daniel Gerould: A life of solitude: Stanisława Przybyszewska: a biographical study with selected letters , Northwestern University Press, Evaston, Ill., 1989 ISBN 0-8101-0807-0
- A life of solitude in pdf format
- George Klim: Stanisław Przybyszewski. Life, work and worldview in the context of German literature at the turn of the century. Biography. Igel-Verlag, Paderborn 1992, ISBN 3-927104-10-8 ( literature and media studies. 6 = Cologne works at the turn of the century 2).
Individual evidence
| personal data | |
|---|---|
| SURNAME | Przybyszewski, Bolesław |
| ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Болеслав Пшибышевский (Russian) |
| BRIEF DESCRIPTION | Polish-Russian musicologist |
| DATE OF BIRTH | February 22, 1892 |
| PLACE OF BIRTH | Berlin |
| DATE OF DEATH | August 21, 1937 |
| Place of death | Moscow |