Brassia

Brassia
	Brassia verrucosa
Systematics
Order :	Asparagales (Asparagales)
Family :	Orchids (orchidaceae)
Subfamily :	Epidendroideae
Tribe :	Maxillarieae
Sub tribus :	Oncidiinae
Genre :	Brassia
Scientific name
	Brassia
	R.Br.

The genus Brassia from the family of orchids (Orchidaceae) includes 68 plant species , all native to tropical America. The small, perennial plants grow epiphytically . Some species are occasionally cultivated for their large flowers .

description

Brassia gireoudiana

Brassia incantans

All species of this genus form pseudobulbs on a creeping rhizome . These are close together like clumps or are separated from each other by longer rhizome sections. They are oval and laterally compressed with a ridge on each side; they consist of a single internode . The pseudobulbs are surrounded by lower leaves , the uppermost of which are formed like leaves . At the tip of the pseudobulbs there are one to three leaves . The leaves are smooth and folded down the middle at the bud. The leaf shape is lanceolate , narrowing at the base, the tip is blunt.

The racemose , rarely branched inflorescence appears laterally from the base of the pseudobulbs. The resupinated flowers sit in two lines on the inflorescence axis. The bracts are small. The three sepals are narrow, linear, often very long, and not fused together. The two outer petals are shaped in the same way, but smaller, sometimes facing forward. The petals have a yellowish or greenish base color with brown spots. The lip is oval, unlobed, tapering to a point at the end. A two-row callus sits on the lip , which forms two small teeth or cusps at the base. The column is short, straight and not winged. The two hard pollinia are connected by a short, broad stalk with a small adhesive organ (Viscidium).

Some Brassia species are known to be pollinated by wasps (Pompilidae). Wasps from the genera Pepsis and Campsomeris , whose prey are spiders, are deceived by the appearance of the flowers and attack them. When trying to grab the flower and transport it away, pollinia are attached to the wasp, or pollinia already present on the insect's body are placed on the stigma .

distribution

The species of the genus Brassia occur northwards to Mexico and Florida, they colonize all of Central America, the Caribbean and the northern half of South America. There they grow as epiphytes in moist forests from sea level to altitudes of 1500 meters.

Systematics

Brassia allenii

Brassia arachnoidea

Brassia arcuigera

Brassia chlorops

Brassia jipijapensis

Brassia lanceana

Brassia signata

Within the subfamily Epidendroideae , the genus Brassia is classified in the tribe Maxillarieae and there in the subtribe Oncidiinae . A group of species around Brassia glumacea was classified by Williams in 1972 in the genus Ada . Other closely related genera are Aspasia , Cischweinfia , Miltonia and Systeloglossum .

The following 68 species are recognized in this genus:

Brassia allenii L.O.Williams ex C.Schweinf. , Honduras and Panama to Colombia
Brassia andina (Rchb.f.) MWChase , Colombia to Peru
Brassia andreettae (Dodson) Senghas , Ecuador.
Brassia angusta Lindl. , Venezuela to Guiana and northern Brazil.
Brassia angustilabia Schltr. , Panama and Brazil.
Brassia arachnoidea Barb. Rodr. , Brazil.
Brassia arcuigera Rchb.f. (Syn .: Brassia antherotes Rchb.f. ), Honduras via Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela, Colombia and Ecuador to Peru.
Brassia aurantiaca (Lindl.) MWChase , Colombia, Ecuador and Venezuela.
Brassia aurorae D.E.Benn. , Peru.
Brassia bennettiorum (Dodson) Senghas in FRRSchorse , Peru.
Brassia bidens Lindl. , Guyana, Venezuela and Brazil.
Brassia bowmanni (Rchb.f.) MWChase , Colombia.
Brassia brachypus Rchb.f. , Ecuador to Bolivia.
Brassia brevis (Kraenzl.) MWChase , Colombia and Ecuador.
Brassia brunnea Archila , Guatemala.
Brassia caudata (L.) Lindl. , large distribution area from southern Florida across Central America and the Caribbean to the northern half of South America.
Brassia cauliformis C. Schweinf. , Peru.
Brassia chloroleuca Barb. Rodr. , Guyana to Brazil.
Brassia chlorops Endrés & Rchb.f. , Nicaragua to Panama.
Brassia cochlearis (HRSweet) MWChase , Colombia.
Brassia cochleata Knowles & West c. , northern South America.
Brassia cyrtopetala Schltr. , Colombia.
Brassia diphylla (HRSweet) MWChase , Colombia.
Brassia dresslerorum Archila , Guatemala.
Brassia ecuadorensis (Garay) MWChase , Ecuador.
Brassia escobariana Garay , Colombia.
Brassia euodes Rchb.f. , Colombia to Peru.
Brassia farinifera Linden & Rchb.f. , Ecuador.
Brassia filomenoi Schltr. , Peru.
Brassia forgetiana Sander , Venezuela to Peru.
Brassia garayana M.W.Chase , Ecuador to Peru.
Brassia gireoudiana Rchb.f. & Warsz. , Costa Rica and Panama.
Brassia glumacea Lindl. , western South America to Venezuela.
Brassia glumaceoides M.W.Chase , Colombia and Venezuela.
Brassia horichii (I. buck) MWChase , Costa Rica and Panama.
Brassia huebneri Schltr. , French Guiana and Brazil.
Brassia iguapoana Schltr. , Brazil.
Brassia incantans (Rchb.f.) MWChase , Colombia, Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru.
Brassia jipijapensis Dodson & NHWilliams , Ecuador.
Brassia keiliana Rchb.f. ex Lindl. , Colombia to Guyana.
Brassia koehlerorum Schltr. , Peru.
Brassia lanceana Lindl. (Syn .: Brassia josstiana Rchb.f. in EAvon Regel ), northern South America.
Brassia lehmannii (Garay) MWChase , Colombia and Ecuador.
Brassia macrostachya Lindl. , Venezuela and Guyana.
Brassia maculata R.Br. in WTAiton , Central America, Jamaica.
Brassia mendozae < (Dodson) Senghas , Ecuador.
Brassia minutiflora (Kraenzl.) MWChase , Colombia.
Brassia neglecta Rchb.f. , northern South America.
Brassia ocanensis Lindl. , western South America to Venezuela.
Brassia panamensis (Garay) MWChase , Panama.
Brassia pascoensis D.E.Benn. & Christenson , Peru.
Brassia peruviana Poepp. & Endl. , Peru.
Brassia pozoi (Dodson & NHWilliams) Senghas , Ecuador and Peru.
Brassia pumila Lindl. , tropical South America.
Brassia rhizomatosa Garay & Haze. , Venezuela.
Brassia rolandoi (DEBenn. & Christenson) MWChase < , Peru.
Brassia signata Rchb.f. , Mexico and Peru.
Brassia suavissima Pupulin & Bogarín , Costa Rica.
Brassia sulphurea (Rchb.f.) MWChase , Venezuela.
Brassia thyrsodes Rchb.f. (Syn .: Brassia boliviensis Schltr. ), Bolivia.
Brassia transamazonica D.E.Benn. & Christenson , Peru.
Brassia verrucosa Bateman ex Lindl. , Central America, Venezuela, Brazil.
Brassia villosa Lindl. , Guyana, Brazil, Peru.
Brassia wageneri Rchb.f. , Guyana, Venezuela, Brazil, Colombia and Peru.
Brassia warszewiczii Rchb.f. (Syn .: Brassia helenae Rchb. Ex Linden ), Ecuador.
Brassia whewellii J.MHShaw , Peru
Brassia wyllisiana K.G. Lacerda & VPCastro , Brazil.

Culture

Occasionally these species can be found in culture; the flowers of selected specimens reach a diameter of 50 centimeters. They need high humidity.

literature

CH Dodson, CA Luer (2005): Orchidaceae part 2 (Aa-Cyrtidiorchis) . In: G. Harling, L. Andersson (Eds.): Flora of Ecuador . Vol. 76, pp. 130ff. Botanical Institute, Göteborg University, ISBN 91-88896-51-X

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b Franco Pupulin, Diego Bogarín (2005): The genus Brassia in Costa Rica: A survey of four species and a new species . Lindleyana, March 2005, pp. 202–207, available online (PDF).
^ Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . P. 179. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6
^ NH Williams (1972): A reconsideration of Ada and the glumaceous brassias. Brittonia 24: 93-110.
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Brassia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 8, 2018.

Web links

Commons : Brassia - album with pictures, videos and audio files

[Pupulin-1] A ^b Franco Pupulin, Diego Bogarín (2005): The genus Brassia in Costa Rica: A survey of four species and a new species . Lindleyana, March 2005, pp. 202–207, available online (PDF).

[2] Robert L. Dressler (1993): Phylogeny and Classification of the Orchid Family . P. 179. Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-45058-6

[3] NH Williams (1972): A reconsideration of Ada and the glumaceous brassias. Brittonia 24: 93-110.

[WCSP-4] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l ^m ⁿ ^o ^p ^q ^r ^s ^t ^u ^v ^w ^x ^y ^z ^aa ^ab ^ac ^ad ^ae ^af ^ag ^ah ^ai ^aj ^ak ^al ^am ^an ^ao ^ap ^aq ^ar ^as ^at ^au ^av ^aw ^ax ^ay ^az ^ba ^bb ^bc ^bd ^be ^bf ^bg ^bh ^bi ^bj ^bk ^bl ^bm ^bn ^bo Rafaël Govaerts (Ed.): Brassia. In: World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) - The Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew . Retrieved July 8, 2018.