Braun's whistling frog
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Brown's whistling frog ( Proceratophrys brauni ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Proceratophrys brauni | ||||||||||||
| Kwet & Faivovich , 2001 |
Proceratophrys brauni ( Proceratophrys brauni ), also brown Urhornfrosch called, is one of southern Brazil endemic occurring amphibians -Art from the family Odontophrynidae . At the time of its discovery, the frog was classified as a member of the family of the whistling or southern frogs (Leptodactylidae). However, this large group of amphibians, native to South and Central America, has now been divided into numerous smaller families.
features
It is a small, but stoutly built and very stocky looking frog hole with a short, slightly pointed snout and short legs. In the external form, the entire genus is reminiscent of the horned frogs ( Ceratophrys; these are, however, several times larger). The taxon Proceratophrys is therefore also known in German as "Urhornfrösche". The males of P. brauni reach a head-trunk length of 30 to 35 millimeters, the females up to 40 millimeters. On the upper side, the animals are colored variably brown, with a symmetrical drawing of dark and light lines and spots. They imitate fallen leaves and are thus well camouflaged in their habitat. The underside is black with red spots or fine reddish spots on the throat. Overall, the skin is very glandular and "warty".
Distribution, habitat and way of life
Brown's whistle frog is endemic to southern Brazil - in the north of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and in Santa Catarina . Terra typica is the area around Fortaleza dos Aparados in Rio Grande do Sul at about 1000 m above sea level. The area is part of the volcanic high plateau of southern Brazil, which is characterized, among other things, by the consistently rainy araucaria forest (named after the Brazilian pine , Araucaria angustifolia ) and on the mountain slopes by the southernmost foothills of the Atlantic coastal rainforest ( Mata Atlântica ).
Proceratophrys brauni lives in the leaf litter of this rainforest and is predominantly diurnal. During the spawning season between November and February, the males find themselves in small, fast-flowing streams and utter whirring mating calls. Otherwise nothing is known about reproductive biology. It is believed that the spawn is deposited under stones in the stream bed.
Taxonomy
The species was first scientifically described in 2001, one of the two first descriptions is the German herpetologist Axel Kwet . The art epithet brauni honors the deceased Brazilian amphibious scientist Pedro Braun .
External system
After the southern frogs (Leptodactylidae) had been postulated as paraphyletic for a long time , phylogenetic studies in 2006 led, among other things, to the removal of a new family comprising a good 100 species, the Cycloramphidae, with occurrences in South America, in which Brown's whistle frog was also placed. As early as 2011, the genus of the great horned frogs ( Proceratophrys ) came into a newly established family, the Odontophrynidae. The great horn frogs currently comprise 36 species. As a sister species of brown Urhornfrosch applies Proceratophrys bigibbosa .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Axel Kwet: The Serra Geral in southern Brazil - a hotspot for frogs. Topicos 3/2008: 48-50. (PDF online; 131 kB) ( Page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Distribution map for Proceratophrys brauni at www.iucnredlist.org
- ↑ Audio sample of the call of Proceratophrys brauni at www.herpetologie.naturkundemuseum-bw.de
- ↑ www.uni-tuebingen.de: On the frog - discoverer in the Brazilian araucaria forest ( Memento from March 6, 2006 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Darrel R. Frost, Taran Grant, Julián Faivovich, Raoul H. Bain, Alexander Haas, Celio FB Haddad, Rafael O. de Sá, A. Channing, Mark Wilkinson, Stephen C. Donnellan, Christopher J. Raxworthy, Jonathan A. Campbell, Boris L. Blotto, Paul E. Moler, Robert C. Drewes, Ronald A. Nussbaum, John D. Lynch, David M. Green, and Ward C. Wheeler: The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, pp. 1-370, 2006 full text
- ^ RA Pyron & JJ Wiens: A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, pp. 543-583, 2011
- ↑ Darrel R. Frost: Proceratophrys ( Memento of the original of March 24, 2009 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was automatically inserted and not yet checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. Amphibian Species of the World, Version 6.0, American Museum of Natural History, 1998-2014 (accessed March 1, 2014)
Web links
- Species portrait of Brauns Pfeiffrosch at www.herpetologie.naturkundemuseum-bw.de
- Description of the landscape at www.herpetologie.naturkundemuseum-bw.de
- IUCN Redlist: Proceratophrys brauni
- List of species of the Cycloramphidae family at Amphibiaweb
- Photo of the ventral side of Braun's Whistling Frog at calphotos.berkeley.edu