Brevibacterium

Brevibacterium
Systematics
Domain :	Bacteria (bacteria)
Department :	Actinobacteria
Order :	Actinomycetales
Subordination :	Micrococcineae
Family :	Brevibacteriaceae
Genre :	Brevibacterium
Scientific name of the family
	Brevibacteriaceae
	Breed 1953
Scientific name of the genus
	Brevibacterium
	Breed 1953

Brevibacterium is a genus of gram-positive bacteria with a high GC content in the DNA . Various types of Brevibacterium play an important rolein the food industry (cheese making and amino acid production). It is the only genus in the Brevibacteriaceae family.

Features and ecology

Brevibacterium is a non- actively moving , obligate aerobic bacterium. The representatives of the genus are chemoorganotroph . The metabolism is breathing with oxygen as the terminal acceptor (aerobic breathing). Fermentation ( fermentation ) is not carried out by these bacteria, so they are among the Nichtfermentierern (fermenters). During the cultivation one initially observes short rods , which are often irregularly curved. Later (in 3 to 7 days) cocci with a diameter of 0.6 to 1.0 μm usually form . The catalase test is positive.

Many species are salt-loving ( halophilic ) and occur in different habitats . Brevibacterium linens ("red smear bacterium") is used to ripen certain types of cheese (" red smear cheese "), for example for Romadur and bacterial Harzer . This species has also been isolated from marine fish and found in lake water. Brevibacterium casei occurs in raw milk . Brevibacterium epidermidis is part of the human skin flora .

Importance to humans

The species Brevibacterium flavum is used for the production and commercial use of the amino acid lysine . This amino acid is essential for humans and some animals and is used as a food additive. The systematic position of this species is controversial among microbiologists, it was put together with some other species to Corynebacterium glutamicum . Nevertheless, it is often still found in the literature under the name Brevibacterium flavum .

Some species - such as Brevibacterium linens as the main germ or Brevibacterium bruneum , Brevibacterium erythrogenes , Brevibacterium helvolum are used in the production of soft or sour milk cheeses to create smear.

In recent times, Brevibacterium has also gained clinical importance. Thus, Brevibacterium with osteomyelitis , an inflammation of the bone marrow , associated and Brevibacterium otitidis was isolated from ear infections.

Systematics

The Brevibacterium is the only genus in the Brevibacteriaceae family . Some species of this genus are (selection):

Brevibacterium antiquum Gavrish et al. 2005
Brevibacterium aurantiacum Gavrish et al. 2005
Brevibacterium avium Pascual and Collins 1999
Brevibacterium casei Collins et al. 1983
Brevibacterium celere Ivanova et al. 2004
Brevibacterium epidermidis Collins et al. 1983
Brevibacterium frigoritolerans Delaporte and Sasson 1967
Brevibacterium iodinum (ex Davis 1939) Collins et al. 1981
Brevibacterium linens (Wolff 1910) Breed 1953
Brevibacterium mcbrellneri McBride et al. 1994
Brevibacterium otitidis Pascual et al. 1996
Brevibacterium paucivorans Wauters et al. 2001
Brevibacterium permense Gavrish et al. 2005
Brevibacterium picturae Heyrman et al. 2004
Brevibacterium samyangense Lee 2006
Brevibacterium sanguinis Wauters et al. 2004
Brevibacterium yomogidense Tonouchi et al. 2013

Synonyms and changes

The genus was introduced in 1953 with the type species Brevibacterium linens by the microbiologist Breed, previously Brevibacterium linens was added to the genus Bacterium as Bacterium linens . The number of species rose rapidly at first, later studies showed that the differences between the individual species were too great, because of this, many species were again separated from the genus and assigned to other genera - such as Arthrobacter , Aureobacterium and Corynebacterium . An (incomplete) list of changes:

Brevibacterium acetylicum was placed in the genus Exiguobacterium and is now listed under the species name Exiguobacterium acetylicum .
Brevibacterium ammoniagenes now: Corynebacterium ammoniagenes
Brevibacterium acetylicum : Exiguobacterium acetylicum
Brevibacterium citreum : Curtobacterium citreum
Brevibacterium divaricatum : Corynebacterium glutamicum
Brevibacterium fermentans : Cellulosimicrobium cellulans
Brevibacterium imperiale : Microbacterium imperiale
Brevibacterium incertum : Desemzia incerta
Brevibacterium liquefaciens : Arthrobacter nicotianae
Brevibacterium luteum : Curtobacterium luteum
Brevibacterium lyticum : Cellulosimicrobium cellulans
Brevibacterium oxydans : Microbacterium oxydans
Brevibacterium protophormiae : Arthrobacter protophormiae
Brevibacterium pusillum : Curtobacterium pusillum
Brevibacterium saperdae : Microbacterium saperdae
Brevibacterium testaceum : Microbacterium testaceum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Takeuchi and Hatano 1998 . Another name (a homotypical synonym) that is formally valid within the system is: Aureobacterium testaceum (Komagata and Iizuka 1964) Collins et al. 1983
Brevibacterium vitarumen : Corynebacterium vitaeruminis

Some synonyms for different types of brevibacterium:

Achromobacter stationis ZoBell and Upham 1944 is a synonym for Brevibacterium stationis (ZoBell and Upham 1944) Breed 1953
Bacterium linens Wolff 1910 for Brevibacterium linens (Wolff 1910) Breed 1953

swell

Individual evidence

^ Liebl, W., Ehrmann, M., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.-H. : Transfer of Brevibacterium divaricatum DSM 20297T, Brevibacterium flavum DSM 20411, Brevibacterium lactofermentum DSM 20412 and Corynebacterium lilium DSM 20137T to Corynebacterium glutamicum and their distinction by rRNA restriction patterns. In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. 41, 1991, pp. 255-260. Online .
^ B. Neumeister, T. Mandel, E. Gruner, and GE Pfyffer: Brevibacterium species as a cause of osteomyelitis in a neonate. In: Infection Vol. 21, No. 3, 1993, pp. 177-178, ISSN 0300-8126 Springer-Online
^ Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Brevibacterium. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved July 11, 2018 .

literature

Michael T. Madigan, John M. Martinko, Jack Parker: Brock - Microbiology . 11th edition. Pearson Studium, Munich 2006, ISBN 3-8274-0566-1 .
Martin Dworkin, Stanley Falkow, Eugene Rosenberg, Karl-Heinz Schleifer, Erko Stackebrandt (eds.). The Prokaryotes, A Handbook of the Biology of Bacteria . 7 volumes, 3rd edition, Springer-Verlag, New York et al. O., 2006, ISBN 0-387-30740-0 : Volume 3: Archaea and Bacteria: Firmicutes, Actinomycetes ISBN 0-3872-5493-5

[1] Liebl, W., Ehrmann, M., Ludwig, W., Schleifer, K.-H. : Transfer of Brevibacterium divaricatum DSM 20297T, Brevibacterium flavum DSM 20411, Brevibacterium lactofermentum DSM 20412 and Corynebacterium lilium DSM 20137T to Corynebacterium glutamicum and their distinction by rRNA restriction patterns. In: International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology Vol. 41, 1991, pp. 255-260. Online .

[2] B. Neumeister, T. Mandel, E. Gruner, and GE Pfyffer: Brevibacterium species as a cause of osteomyelitis in a neonate. In: Infection Vol. 21, No. 3, 1993, pp. 177-178, ISSN 0300-8126 Springer-Online

[lpsn-3] Jean Euzéby, Aidan C. Parte: Genus Brevibacterium. In: List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature ( LPSN ). Retrieved July 11, 2018 .