List of high commissioners (Austrian occupation)
The High Commissioner of the Allied Control Commission for Austria was the military governor of the four respective occupation zones of France , the Soviet Union , the United Kingdom and the United States in occupied post-war Austria after the Second World War .
Function of the High Commissioners of the Allied Occupation Powers in Austria
The High Commissioner , between the first and second control agreements (July 1945 and June 1946), was also just a commissioner , and was the representative of the occupying powers in the Allied Council of the Commission for Austria .
Initially, the high commissioners were the commanding officers of the respective occupation forces. From the 1950s, the military administration was gradually replaced by civilian diplomatic missions , and diplomats took over the provisional office.
The current high commissioners - for France the ambassador-designate and deputy high commissioner - signed the State Treaty on the restoration of an independent and democratic Austria on May 15, 1955 (entered into force: July 27, 1955), after which their function became obsolete.
List of high commissioners
The following high commissioners headed the individual zones:
British zone of occupation
Surname | image | Term of office | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Sir Richard McCreery Lieutenant General |
1945-1946 |
Supreme Commanding British Forces in Austria and High Commissioner before that, in command of the 8th Army ; then 1946–1948 OKdo. British Army of the Rhine , 1948–1949 Military representative UN Military Staff Committee |
|
Sir James Stuart Steele Lieutenant General |
1946-1947 |
Supreme Commanding British Forces in Austria and High Commissioner before that, 1943 Director of Staff Duties at the War Office ; then 1947–1950 Adjutant-General to the Forces |
|
Sir Alexander Galloway Major General |
1947-1950 |
Supreme Commanding British Forces in Austria and High Commissioner before 1945 Commander XXX Corps , 1946–1947 Malaya Command , 1951–1952 Director UNRWA Jordan |
|
Sir John Winterton General |
1950 |
Supreme Commanding British Forces in Austria and High Commissioner (1945–1949 Deputy High Commissioner ); then 1951–1954 Military Governor Zone A and Commander BETFOR / TRUST in the Free Territory of Trieste |
|
Sir Harold Caccia | 1950-1954 |
Ambassador and High Commissioner before until 1945 British representative at the Allied headquarters in North Africa ; then 1956–1961 Ambassador to the USA , 1962–1965 at the Foreign and Commonwealth Office (Perm. Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs) |
|
Sir Geoffrey Wallinger | 1954-1955 |
Ambassador and High Commissioner , until 1958, before that 1949–1951 Ambassador to Hungary , 1951–1954 to Thailand ; then 1958–1963 in Brazil |
US zone of occupation
Official title: United States High Commissioner on the Allied Council for Austria
Surname | image | Term of office | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Mark W. Clark General |
1945-1947 |
High Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief USFA before that, Commander-in-Chief of Allied Forces in Italy ; then command of the 6th US Army |
|
Geoffrey Keyes Lieutenant General |
1947-1950 |
High Commissioner, Commander in Chief USFA before Kdo.Gen. II Corps , 1945 7th US Army command, 1946–1947 3rd US Army command ; then 1951–1954 Director of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG) |
|
Walter J. Donnelly | 1950-1952 |
High Commissioner and envoy until 1951 , then ambassador before that, ambassador to Costa Rica in 1947, and in Venezuela 1947–1950 ; then 1952 High Commissioner in Germany |
|
Llewellyn E. Thompson | 1950-1955 |
High Commissioner and Ambassador ; until 1957 ambassador then 1957–1962 and 1967–1969 ambassador to the Soviet Union |
French zone of occupation
Surname | image | Term of office | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Antoine Béthouart General of the Infantry |
1945-1950 |
French commander in Austria and high commissioner before that Kdo. 1st Corps; then Senator (Commission des Affaires étrangères et des Forces armées) |
|
Jean Payart |
1950-1955 |
High Commissioner and Ambassador before 1945–1950 Ambassador to Yugoslavia ; then 1956–1957 in South Vietnam |
Soviet occupation zone
Surname | image | Term of office | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|
Ivan Stepanowitsch Konew Marshal of the Soviet Union |
1945-1946 |
High Commissioner, Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Land Forces in Austria and Hungary (until 1946) before that, command of the 1st Ukrainian Front ; then 1947–1957 OKdo. Soviet Land Forces , 1955–1960 OKdo. Armed Forces of the Warsaw Treaty , 1963 Chief Inspector Defense Ministry , member of the Supreme Soviet , member of the Central Committee of the CPSU |
|
Wladimir Wassiljewitsch Kurassow Colonel General / General of the Army |
1946-1949 |
Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Land Forces and High Commissioner before that 1943 Chief of General Staff 1st Baltic Front / 3rd Belarusian Front , 1945 Chief of Staff SMAD (Germany); then 1949–1956 Chief of Staff at the Military Academy , 1956–1961 Stllv. Chief of Staff of the Soviet Union (military science department), 1961–1968 again GenStCh military academy (1963 professor), 1968 advisor to the military inspection at the Ministry of Defense |
|
Vladimir Petrovich Sviridov Lieutenant General |
1949-1953 |
Commander-in-Chief of the Central Group of Land Forces and High Commissioner (OKdo. From April, HK from May; 1950–1954 Deputy of the Supreme Soviet , 3rd convocation) before that Command 42nd Army, 2nd and 3rd Baltic Front , 1945–1946 / 47 Deputy High Commissioner in Hungary , then high commissioner until 1949, 1948–1949 also commander of the army; afterwards 1954–1957 Stllv. Kdt. Military District of Odessa |
|
Iwan Iwanowitsch Ilyichev |
1953-1955 |
Ambassador and High Commissioner before 1942–1945 Director of the GRU Military Intelligence Service , 1952 Ambassador to the GDR ; then from 1956 at the Soviet Foreign Ministry (3rd Europe Department), 1966–1968 Ambassador to Denmark , then again at the Foreign Ministry |
Individual evidence
- ↑ General Sir Richard Loudon McCreery GCB, KBE, DSO, MC (* February 1, 1898, † October 18, 1967); McCreery, Sir Richard Loudon (1898–1967), General , Liddell Hart Center for Military Archives
- ^ General Officer Commanding British Forces of Occupation in Austria and British Representative on Allied Commission for Austria
- ↑ The British Forces in Austria were assembled from the disbanded Eighth Army , which had completed the Africa campaign.
- ^ British Army Representative, Military Staff Committee, UN
- ↑ General Sir James Stuart Steele, GCB, KBE, DSO, MC, LLD (* October 26, 1894, † July 24, 1975), General 1947. See RH Hewetson: Steele, Sir James Stuart (1894–1975) , in: Oxford Dictionary of National Biography , Oxford University Press, 2004.
- ↑ the highest ranking British military after Chief of the General Staff and Assistant Chief of the General Staff , member of the Army Board
- ^ Lieutenant-General Sir Alexander Galloway KBE, CB, DSO, MC (* 1895, † 1977), Lieutenant General March 1947
- ^ British High Commissioner and Commander-in-Chief British Troops Austria
- ^ Landing in Normandy - Operation Market Garden - Ardennes Offensive. Galloway only took over the unit at the end of the war, he had participated in the Africa and Italian campaigns and the battle of Montecassino
- ↑ Headquarters Malaysia / Singapore since the 1920s, killed in the Battle of Singapore in 1942, rebuilt in November 1945, was again significantly disbanded in the Malayan Emergency in 1950, in 1957.
- ↑ Sir (Thomas) John Willoughby Winterton KCB, KCMG, CBE, DL (April 13, 1898, † December 14, 1987).
- ↑ Harold Anthony Caccia, Baron Caccia, GCMG, GCVO, GCStJ (born December 21, 1905 in Pachmarhi, India, † October 31, 1990 in Builth Wells, Wales), Sir since 1950
- ↑ Sir Geoffrey Arnold Wallinger, KCMG, GBE (* 1903, † July 5, 1979) - Wallinger, Sir Geoffrey (Arnold) . In: Who Was Who . A&C Black. Retrieved October 12, 2008. For a portrait of the person, see May 30, 1958: Farewell visit by the British Ambassador . Section in Vienna 1958: reports from May 1958 , wien.at
- ↑ His Excellency Sir Geoffrey A. Wallinger, extraordinary a. Plenipotentiary Ambassador of Her British Majesty - for example in the agreement with Great Britain on the settlement of Austrian bonds issued in Great Britain StF: Federal Law Gazette No. 259/1954
- ^ Anzio - Monte Cassino - Italian Western Front;
- ↑ 5 stars 1948
- ↑ Commandant en chef français en Autriche, Haut-commissaire , 1945–1946 Commissaire Militaire , cf. Klaus Eisterer: La présence française en Autriche, 1945–1946. Volume I Occupation, dénazification, action culturelle (= Publications de l'Université de Rouen , Vol. 5), Publication Univ. Rouen Havre, 1998, ISBN 2-87775-239-9 , in particular Annexe 1 , Organigramme N ° 1 (1945), p. 244 and Organigramme N ° 2 (1946), p. 245 (French, limited preview on Google Books ).
- ↑ Landing in Provence in August 1944 via the Rhone Valley and Alsace to southern Germany
- ^ Wolfgang Mueller: The Soviet occupation in Austria 1945–1955 and their political mission . Böhlau, Vienna 2005, ISBN 3-205-77399-3 (especially “The Soviet Occupation Apparatus in Austria 1945–1955” and an overview in the appendix ).
- ↑ occupied the territories in the Czech Republic in 1945, coming from the Battle of Berlin
- ↑ Vladimir Wassiljewitsch Kurassow (* July 7 (19), 1897, † November 29, 1973), General of the Army November 12, 1948, Hero of the Soviet Union
- ↑ 1st Baltic united in 1945 with the 3rd Belarusian, East Prussia - Samland - Fresh Spit
- ↑ инспектор-советник Группы генеральных инспекторов Министерства обороны СССР
- ^ Leningrad-Novgorod offensive, Riga offensive, Kurland blockade